原標題：商戶出行受阻狀(zhuang)告(gao)施工方

　　法官：原告訴訟請求部分成立

　　城市街(jie)道管網(wang)改造，影響了臨街(jie)門(men)店經營(ying)(ying)，經營(ying)(ying)者一怒(nu)之下，將施工方告(gao)上法庭，城關區法院(yuan)白銀(yin)路(lu)法庭判決，原告(gao)的訴訟請求部分成立。

　　原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)是從事(shi)理發服(fu)務行業(ye)的(de)個體(ti)經(jing)(jing)營者。2019年(nian)9月，被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)公(gong)司(si)作為城(cheng)關區(qu)(qu)某巷(xiang)管(guan)線入(ru)地及(ji)管(guan)網改(gai)造、建筑立面改(gai)造、景觀工(gong)程改(gai)造等(deng)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)方，已(yi)向相關部(bu)門申請及(ji)取得(de)了道路挖(wa)掘、更新管(guan)道等(deng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)許可，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)經(jing)(jing)營場(chang)所位(wei)于該(gai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)區(qu)(qu)域內。后(hou)經(jing)(jing)協(xie)商約定(ding)被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)公(gong)司(si)將(jiang)該(gai)項工(gong)作由(you)另一(yi)家公(gong)司(si)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)完成。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)域內的(de)具體(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)由(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)公(gong)司(si)負責(ze)。2019年(nian)9月底，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)公(gong)司(si)進場(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，緊臨(lin)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)店(dian)面一(yi)側的(de)道路被(bei)(bei)(bei)開挖(wa)，并設置圍擋，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)為日(ri)常經(jing)(jing)營,在(zai)店(dian)面側面臨(lin)街處設置出(chu)入(ru)口，人員由(you)此出(chu)入(ru)。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)認為被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)公(gong)司(si)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)造成其經(jing)(jing)濟受(shou)損(sun)、顧客流(liu)失，無(wu)法正常經(jing)(jing)營等(deng)，應當承擔相應的(de)賠(pei)償責(ze)任，經(jing)(jing)與二被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)協(xie)商無(wu)果(guo)，遂向法院提出(chu)訴請，判令(ling)被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)支(zhi)付(fu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)店(dian)鋪租金,判令(ling)被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)支(zhi)付(fu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)員工(gong)保障(zhang)工(gong)資,判令(ling)被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)支(zhi)付(fu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)經(jing)(jing)營收(shou)入(ru)損(sun)失,判令(ling)被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)將(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)門店(dian)修理、重做(zuo)。法院經(jing)(jing)審理查明，某巷(xiang)的(de)道路已(yi)完全(quan)恢復通行，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)店(dian)鋪門面已(yi)重新裝修，但(dan)其牌(pai)匾仍(reng)未安裝。判決被(bei)(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)乙公(gong)司(si)于改(gai)判決生效后(hou)十日(ri)內為原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)甲(jia)的(de)商鋪安裝牌(pai)匾，駁回原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)甲(jia)的(de)其他訴訟(song)請求。

　　法院認為：當事人對自(zi)己提出的(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)，有責(ze)任提供證(zheng)據證(zheng)明(ming)。此案中，原告要求兩(liang)被(bei)告對案涉工程施工給其(qi)(qi)造成的(de)租(zu)金、員工工資、經營收入等損(sun)失承擔(dan)損(sun)害賠償責(ze)任，其(qi)(qi)應當對兩(liang)被(bei)告主(zhu)觀上存(cun)(cun)在(zai)過錯、客觀上存(cun)(cun)在(zai)侵(qin)權行為、其(qi)(qi)遭(zao)受(shou)損(sun)失以及所遭(zao)受(shou)的(de)損(sun)失與兩(liang)被(bei)告的(de)侵(qin)權行為之間存(cun)(cun)在(zai)因(yin)果關系(xi)承擔(dan)舉(ju)證(zheng)證(zheng)明(ming)責(ze)任。

　　此案中，被告(gao)(gao)乙公司(si)作(zuo)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)已就(jiu)案涉(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)辦理了(le)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)劃及(ji)(ji)挖掘城(cheng)市(shi)道路的(de)(de)(de)許可，案涉(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具有合法的(de)(de)(de)審批手續(xu)。《建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安全生(sheng)產管理條(tiao)例》第二十(shi)八條(tiao)第二款(kuan)(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：“施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)(ying)當根(gen)據(ju)不同(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段和周圍(wei)環境及(ji)(ji)季節、氣候的(de)(de)(de)變化，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)采(cai)取相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)安全施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)停止施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)(ying)當做(zuo)好現(xian)場(chang)防護，所需費用由(you)責(ze)任方承擔，或者按照(zhao)合同(tong)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)執行。”第三十(shi)條(tiao)第三款(kuan)(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：“在城(cheng)市(shi)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)(ying)當對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)實行封閉圍(wei)擋。”根(gen)據(ju)上(shang)述(shu)行政法規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，被告(gao)(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)公司(si)在城(cheng)市(shi)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)挖掘道路、鋪設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)地(di)下管線(xian)時(shi)(shi)，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置圍(wei)擋，采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)是必要的(de)(de)(de)、合理的(de)(de)(de)安全施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。《中華人(ren)民(min)共和國物(wu)權法》第八十(shi)八條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：“不動產權利人(ren)在建(jian)(jian)造、修繕(shan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)以及(ji)(ji)鋪設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)電線(xian)、電纜、水管、暖氣和燃氣管線(xian)等必須利用相(xiang)鄰土地(di)、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)，該土地(di)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)權利人(ren)應(ying)(ying)當提(ti)供(gong)便利。”根(gen)據(ju)上(shang)述(shu)法律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，原告(gao)(gao)作(zuo)為相(xiang)鄰土地(di)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)使用權人(ren)，應(ying)(ying)對案涉(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提(ti)供(gong)必要的(de)(de)(de)便利條(tiao)件。而(er)且案涉(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是為改善某巷小區(qu)(qu)居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)商戶的(de)(de)(de)營商環境，系惠及(ji)(ji)民(min)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)，包括(kuo)原告(gao)(gao)在內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)某巷小區(qu)(qu)居(ju)民(min)及(ji)(ji)周邊商戶均(jun)能受惠。

　　案涉工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)客觀上會對(dui)小區居(ju)民、周邊商戶造成一定的(de)(de)影響，但包(bao)括原(yuan)告在(zai)內的(de)(de)受(shou)益者理應對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)負有合理限度的(de)(de)容忍義務。案涉工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)造成原(yuan)告商鋪通行(xing)(xing)受(shou)限，影響正(zheng)常經(jing)營后(hou)，原(yuan)告在(zai)其商鋪側面臨街處(chu)另開設了可供通行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)門，原(yuan)告在(zai)案涉工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間并非完全無法經(jing)營。

　　法院認(ren)(ren)為，原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)證據尚不(bu)足以證明(ming)(ming)兩(liang)(liang)被告(gao)(gao)(gao)在(zai)案(an)涉(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中存在(zai)過錯應承(cheng)擔損(sun)害(hai)賠(pei)償(chang)責任(ren)。原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)主張的(de)(de)(de)租(zu)金、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)、經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入等損(sun)失亦缺乏(fa)依據。租(zu)金及(ji)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)系(xi)(xi)原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)成本，關于租(zu)金，原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)僅提供(gong)了租(zu)賃合(he)同(tong)，未(wei)提供(gong)支(zhi)付租(zu)金的(de)(de)(de)付款憑證，不(bu)能證明(ming)(ming)租(zu)金實(shi)際產生。員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)，原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)亦未(wei)提供(gong)證據證明(ming)(ming)其(qi)已(yi)實(shi)際向(xiang)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)支(zhi)付了工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入損(sun)失，原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)系(xi)(xi)根據其(qi)單方制作的(de)(de)(de)利潤表計取的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入差額，其(qi)真實(shi)性無法確認(ren)(ren)，且經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)多少，與原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)自身的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)水平、市(shi)場需求(qiu)(qiu)等均有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)，尤其(qi)是(shi)近兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)爆發的(de)(de)(de)新型冠狀病(bing)毒感染的(de)(de)(de)肺炎疫情，原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入也(ye)會受到一定的(de)(de)(de)影響。故對原(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)兩(liang)(liang)被告(gao)(gao)(gao)賠(pei)償(chang)租(zu)金、工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)、經(jing)(jing)營(ying)收(shou)入損(sun)失的(de)(de)(de)訴訟請求(qiu)(qiu)，該院不(bu)予支(zhi)持(chi)。

　　案涉工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)包括對道(dao)路兩(liang)側商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)的(de)(de)門頭(tou)、牌匾(bian)(bian)改(gai)造，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)丙公司施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中已(yi)(yi)拆(chai)除(chu)原(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)門頭(tou)、牌匾(bian)(bian)，原(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)的(de)(de)門頭(tou)已(yi)(yi)被(bei)(bei)重新(xin)裝修(xiu)，但牌匾(bian)(bian)拆(chai)除(chu)后尚未重新(xin)安(an)裝，故對原(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)要求安(an)裝牌匾(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)訴訟請求，該院予(yu)以支持。案涉工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)乙公司發包給被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)丙公司施工(gong)(gong)，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)丙公司是(shi)按(an)照其與被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)乙公司的(de)(de)建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)合同從事(shi)的(de)(de)具(ju)體施工(gong)(gong)行(xing)為，被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)乙公司作為案涉工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)期(qi)間的(de)(de)權(quan)利人，應(ying)就(jiu)案涉工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)期(qi)間所發生的(de)(de)相鄰關系享有(you)權(quan)利、承擔(dan)義務。故被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)乙公司應(ying)履行(xing)為原(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)商(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)安(an)裝牌匾(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)義務。原(yuan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)訴訟請求部分成立，法院予(yu)以支持。

　　■法官提醒

　　一般而言，不動產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)各方，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當按照(zhao)有利(li)(li)于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、方便(bian)生(sheng)(sheng)活、團結互助(zhu)、公平合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，正確處理相(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)關系，因用水、排水、通(tong)行、鋪設(she)(she)管線等利(li)(li)用相(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)不動產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當盡(jin)量避(bi)(bi)免(mian)對相(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不動產(chan)(chan)(chan)權利(li)(li)人造(zao)(zao)成損(sun)害，不動產(chan)(chan)(chan)所有人及(ji)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用人亦應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供便(bian)利(li)(li)。在實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)當中，一方面，作為為維(wei)修(xiu)公共(gong)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、改善群眾生(sheng)(sheng)活環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)之前，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)提(ti)(ti)(ti)前與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)就施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間、范圍(wei)、內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)等進行溝通(tong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)充分考慮(lv)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見和建議，制定科學、合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)，盡(jin)量減(jian)少對周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、經營等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響，因施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)造(zao)(zao)成住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)受損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)時與(yu)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)展開友好(hao)協(xie)商，妥善解決矛盾糾紛(fen)，避(bi)(bi)免(mian)因此承擔相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律責任；另一方面，作為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)條件，改善某一區域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共(gong)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)活設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)及(ji)居住(zhu)環境(jing)是(shi)惠及(ji)該區域(yu)(yu)全體(ti)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)程，改善維(wei)護(hu)完成后(hou)，相(xiang)關區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)都將享(xiang)受其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)和好(hao)處，故應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當就施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)所產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響承擔合理限(xian)度內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)忍義務。

　　□蘭州日報社(she)全媒體記者 張爍