中國甘肅網9月15日訊（西(xi)北角·中國甘(gan)肅(su)網記(ji)者 程健(jian)）9月15日上(shang)午，甘(gan)肅(su)省政府新(xin)聞(wen)辦召開新(xin)聞(wen)發布會，通報了(le)種業(ye)知識產權(quan)(quan)司(si)(si)法保(bao)護典(dian)型案例。記(ji)者從發布會上(shang)了(le)解(jie)到，發布的甘(gan)肅(su)法院(yuan)(yuan)種業(ye)知識產權(quan)(quan)司(si)(si)法保(bao)護典(dian)型案例，既有民事案件又有刑事案件，涉及侵害(hai)植物新(xin)品種權(quan)(quan)糾(jiu)紛(fen)、侵害(hai)技術秘密糾(jiu)紛(fen)、新(xin)品種追償權(quan)(quan)糾(jiu)紛(fen)等，這些典(dian)型案例審結(jie)后，得(de)到最(zui)高人民法院(yuan)(yuan)、農業(ye)農村部及社會各界(jie)的認可。

　　案例一：侵(qin)害技術秘密糾紛案

　　華(hua)穗(sui)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司以博盛(sheng)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司侵害了(le)其“萬糯(nuo)2000”玉(yu)米(mi)品種的親本“W68”技術(shu)秘(mi)密為由提起訴訟(song)。法院經審理(li)認為親本“W68”屬(shu)于技術(shu)信息(xi)，博盛(sheng)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司構成對華(hua)穗(sui)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司技術(shu)秘(mi)密的侵權(quan)，判決博盛(sheng)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司停止使用“W68”技術(shu)秘(mi)密的行為，將庫(ku)存的“W68”玉(yu)米(mi)種子交(jiao)還華(hua)穗(sui)種業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司，并賠(pei)償經濟損失及維(wei)權(quan)合理(li)費用，經最高(gao)人民法院二審維(wei)持(chi)原判。

　　該案(an)是(shi)全國(guo)法(fa)(fa)院受理(li)的(de)(de)(de)第一起(qi)涉及育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)材料作為(wei)商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)案(an)例(li)。親(qin)(qin)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)是(shi)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)經過(guo)長期培育(yu)繁殖改良而(er)成(cheng)，蘊含了(le)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術與(yu)勞動智慧。在委托制種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)程中，因私(si)繁濫制、盜取親(qin)(qin)本(ben)等(deng)違法(fa)(fa)違規行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，使品種(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)果流失(shi)、商(shang)(shang)業價值降低，嚴(yan)重影響了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)業科技(ji)創新的(de)(de)(de)積極性。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)人(ren)(ren)通常按照植(zhi)物(wu)新品種(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)救濟維權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，而(er)本(ben)案(an)是(shi)按侵(qin)犯商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)方式(shi)提起(qi)訴訟并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審理(li)的(de)(de)(de)，法(fa)(fa)院認定雜交種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)本(ben)在符(fu)合秘密(mi)性等(deng)法(fa)(fa)定條件下屬于商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)，可(ke)以(yi)按照反不正當(dang)競(jing)爭(zheng)法(fa)(fa)中的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，突破性適用商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)司法(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋，判決將授予植(zhi)物(wu)新品種(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)雜交種(zhong)(zhong)親(qin)(qin)本(ben)返還權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)人(ren)(ren)，有效遏制侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)再發(fa)生，對惡意(yi)侵(qin)害商(shang)(shang)業秘密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)予以(yi)高額賠償。該案(an)對于構(gou)建多元化育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)果保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)系具有典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)意(yi)義(yi)，入選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院第三批種(zhong)(zhong)業知(zhi)(zhi)識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)案(an)例(li)及2022年中國(guo)法(fa)(fa)院50件典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)案(an)例(li)。

　　案(an)例二(er)：侵(qin)害(hai)植物(wu)新品種權糾紛一案(an)

　　登海(hai)先(xian)鋒公司(si)以(yi)(yi)侵(qin)權為(wei)由(you)將本(ben)案訴(su)至法院，經審理后認為(wei)大(da)(da)民種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)與華元(yuan)(yuan)神(shen)谷種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)將“先(xian)玉(yu)335”玉(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)“晉單89”和“并單390”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)名義進(jin)行(xing)包裝銷(xiao)售，屬于植物新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)“反向假冒(mao)”行(xing)為(wei)，構成了對“先(xian)玉(yu)335”植物新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權的侵(qin)害。判決大(da)(da)民種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)與華元(yuan)(yuan)神(shen)谷種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)賠償先(xian)鋒公司(si)經濟損失50萬元(yuan)(yuan)。

　　種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)市場(chang)亂(luan)象包括以(yi)(yi)非種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)冒充(chong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或者以(yi)(yi)劣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)冒充(chong)合格種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，本案侵權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人以(yi)(yi)甲品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冒充(chong)乙品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行銷售，屬于套牌套包銷售假冒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)行為，屬于國家(jia)嚴厲打擊對象，也(ye)就是我們所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)“掛羊(yang)頭賣狗肉”，會搶占品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)份額，侵害品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人的(de)(de)(de)合法權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益，同時侵害消費者的(de)(de)(de)知情權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)及生產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益，破壞了種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)市場(chang)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易秩序。該案入選中國外商投(tou)資企業(ye)協會優質品牌保護委(wei)員(yuan)會2020-2021年度十佳案例(li)。

　　案(an)例三：侵害植物新品種權糾(jiu)紛案(an)

　　廈(sha)門(men)華泰公司(si)認為三保種(zhong)業(ye)公司(si)、觀山口(kou)村委會擅自繁育其(qi)擁有品種(zhong)權的SBS902玉(yu)米(mi)品種(zhong)，侵害了(le)其(qi)合法權益(yi)而(er)起訴(su)，法院審(shen)理(li)后認為三保種(zhong)業(ye)公司(si)與觀山口(kou)村委會構成侵權，判(pan)令(ling)立即停止侵權，并連帶賠償廈(sha)門(men)華泰公司(si)經濟損失50萬元，經最(zui)高人(ren)民法院二審(shen)予以維持。

　　在植物新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)糾紛(fen)中(zhong)，針(zhen)對繁育(yu)行為提起的侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)訴(su)訟，往往因(yin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利人(ren)舉證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)困(kun)難導(dao)致侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)主(zhu)體及侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)實難以確定，造成(cheng)這一(yi)困(kun)難的主(zhu)要因(yin)素是(shi)委托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公司為逃避(bi)侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，往往與受托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)社或農(nong)戶(hu)方(fang)形成(cheng)攻守(shou)同盟，隱(yin)匿證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)、或拒不(bu)(bu)履行舉證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)。該案在權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利人(ren)已舉證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明基本侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)實情況下，針(zhen)對不(bu)(bu)侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)抗辯(bian)理由，法院責(ze)(ze)令委托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)及受托(tuo)方(fang)提交(jiao)由其掌握的委托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合同等證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)而拒不(bu)(bu)提交(jiao)時，準確適(shi)用證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)妨礙排除規則(ze)，推定侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)抗辯(bian)的事(shi)(shi)實不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)立，按照(zhao)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利人(ren)主(zhu)張(zhang)及證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明的事(shi)(shi)實認定構(gou)成(cheng)共同侵(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，并判令承擔連(lian)帶賠償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，有(you)效地遏制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了委托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)與受托(tuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)形成(cheng)攻守(shou)同盟阻撓司法辦案的行為，有(you)力維(wei)護了育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行業的良性發展，該案入選人(ren)民法院第一(yi)批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業知(zhi)識(shi)產權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保護典型案例。

　　案(an)例四(si)：銷售偽劣產(chan)品案(an)

　　酒泉(quan)市(shi)(shi)肅州(zhou)區人(ren)民(min)檢察院(yuan)向酒泉(quan)市(shi)(shi)肅州(zhou)區人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)提起本案公(gong)訴。法院(yuan)經審理認(ren)為，被(bei)告單(dan)位(wei)華豫(yu)(yu)公(gong)司及被(bei)告人(ren)王某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)構成生產(chan)、銷售偽劣(lie)產(chan)品罪，判處(chu)被(bei)告單(dan)位(wei)華豫(yu)(yu)公(gong)司罰金二百四(si)十五萬(wan)元；判處(chu)被(bei)告人(ren)王某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)有期(qi)徒刑十一(yi)年，并處(chu)罰金一(yi)百二十三萬(wan)元，本案經酒泉(quan)市(shi)(shi)中級人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)二審維持原(yuan)判。

　　近年來，涉(she)(she)及辣(la)椒、花生(sheng)、水果等(deng)經(jing)濟(ji)作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的犯罪(zui)(zui)案(an)件(jian)日益增(zeng)加，不僅關(guan)系(xi)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收的“錢袋子(zi)”，也關(guan)系(xi)到(dao)人(ren)(ren)民群眾的“菜籃(lan)子(zi)”。被(bei)告(gao)(gao)單(dan)位和被(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)明知涉(she)(she)案(an)辣(la)椒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量(liang)不合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)，在(zai)辣(la)椒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包裝上虛假標注畝產(chan)(chan)、純度(du)等(deng)重(zhong)要指標，以不合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)冒充合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)銷(xiao)售，給(gei)相關(guan)企業(ye)和農(nong)(nong)戶造成經(jing)濟(ji)損失，對此(ci)類(lei)犯罪(zui)(zui)應依法從嚴懲處。但經(jing)相關(guan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部門測產(chan)(chan)，造成辣(la)椒減產(chan)(chan)除了涉(she)(she)案(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)原因外，還(huan)存在(zai)農(nong)(nong)戶移(yi)栽(zai)時間晚、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植密度(du)大(da)，以及天氣影響等(deng)因素，因此(ci)辦案(an)機關(guan)未能對農(nong)(nong)戶生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)遭受損失情(qing)況(kuang)作出認定。在(zai)此(ci)情(qing)況(kuang)下，法院根據(ju)具體案(an)情(qing)，以生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、銷(xiao)售偽(wei)劣產(chan)(chan)品罪(zui)(zui)而不是以生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、銷(xiao)售偽(wei)劣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)罪(zui)(zui)追究被(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)的刑(xing)事責任，定罪(zui)(zui)準(zhun)確，量(liang)刑(xing)適當，入選(xuan)人(ren)(ren)民法院第一批(pi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)知識產(chan)(chan)權保(bao)護典型案(an)例。

　　案例(li)五(wu)：植物(wu)新品種追償權糾紛(fen)案

　　利馬格蘭歐洲認(ren)為(wei)陽(yang)光種(zhong)(zhong)業公司、農科(ke)院玉米研究所將其(qi)擁有品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權的(de)“利合(he)228”向農作物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會申報為(wei)“哈育189”品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)并進行制種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)行為(wei)，侵害了其(qi)合(he)法(fa)權益而起訴(su)。經兩級法(fa)院審(shen)理，基本支(zhi)持(chi)了其(qi)訴(su)請。

　　《植物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護條例》雖規定(ding)了(le)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)人(ren)享有追(zhui)償(chang)權(quan)，但對于(yu)追(zhui)償(chang)權(quan)的(de)性質、如(ru)何(he)行使、追(zhui)償(chang)費(fei)用(yong)如(ru)何(he)計算均未作出(chu)明確具體的(de)規定(ding)，本案(an)追(zhui)償(chang)費(fei)參照植物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)實施許可費(fei)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)確定(ding)，符(fu)合(he)(he)鼓勵農(nong)業科技創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)立法(fa)(fa)目的(de)和精神(shen)。同(tong)時，該案(an)二審(shen)(shen)(shen)還確認冒(mao)用(yong)他人(ren)的(de)玉米品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)侵(qin)權(quan)行為，作為停(ting)止(zhi)侵(qin)權(quan)的(de)方(fang)式，判(pan)決向原審(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)機(ji)構申請更(geng)改(gai)名(ming)稱予以(yi)糾(jiu)正，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)民事行為，法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)應予處理(li)(li)，展現(xian)了(le)司法(fa)(fa)裁判(pan)終局性原理(li)(li)。本案(an)為涉外(wai)案(an)件，審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)過程(cheng)及結果體現(xian)了(le)人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)公正、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)、平等保(bao)(bao)護國內(nei)外(wai)民事主(zhu)體的(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益，不斷打造知識(shi)產權(quan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)專(zhuan)業化(hua)與國際化(hua)的(de)司法(fa)(fa)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)理(li)(li)念。該案(an)入選(xuan)農(nong)業農(nong)村部2019年(nian)農(nong)業植物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護十大典型案(an)例。