黨(dang)的十(shi)九大以來，紀律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、派(pai)駐(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、巡視監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)“四(si)(si)項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”全覆蓋(gai)總體格(ge)局逐步(bu)形成，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)合(he)力不斷增強，在黨(dang)和國家監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)體系中的支柱(zhu)作用日益彰顯。同時作為(wei)(wei)一種全新的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)格(ge)局，有人對“四(si)(si)項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”內涵外延、邏輯關系把(ba)握不夠清(qing)晰(xi)，還存在一些模糊認識，認為(wei)(wei)“四(si)(si)項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”主體不同，不在同一層面(mian)上，紀委監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委合(he)署辦公(gong)，紀律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)和監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)不存在統籌銜接、貫(guan)通(tong)協同問(wen)題等(deng)。

　　“四項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”目標任(ren)務(wu)一致、職能職責(ze)(ze)互(hu)補，具有內(nei)在統(tong)(tong)一性和高度協同性。“四項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”本質上(shang)都是(shi)政(zheng)治監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，擔負(fu)著“兩個維護”重大政(zheng)治任(ren)務(wu)，緊緊圍繞(rao)權力運行和職責(ze)(ze)履(lv)行開展監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，確保(bao)黨(dang)(dang)和人民賦予的權力正確行使，確保(bao)黨(dang)(dang)的路線方針政(zheng)策貫(guan)徹落實(shi)，這(zhe)是(shi)“四項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)銜接(jie)的前提基(ji)礎。“四項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)客體(ti)(ti)重合、內(nei)容方式(shi)互(hu)補，都把黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)領導(dao)干部這(zhe)個“關(guan)鍵(jian)少數”特別是(shi)主(zhu)要負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人作為(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)重點，主(zhu)要采取自(zi)上(shang)而(er)下監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)模式(shi)，綜(zong)合運用(yong)談心(xin)談話、詢(xun)問查(cha)詢(xun)、信訪(fang)舉報、聽取匯報、抽查(cha)核(he)實(shi)、專項(xiang)(xiang)檢(jian)查(cha)等多種監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)方式(shi)，實(shi)現對全(quan)體(ti)(ti)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)和所有行使公權力人員(yuan)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)全(quan)覆蓋。“四項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)主(zhu)要是(shi)紀(ji)(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)，雖然巡視(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)縣區以上(shang)黨(dang)(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)，但巡視(shi)機(ji)(ji)構設(she)在同級紀(ji)(ji)委，巡視(shi)工(gong)作領導(dao)小組(zu)組(zu)長(chang)一般由同級紀(ji)(ji)委書記擔任(ren)，部分巡視(shi)工(gong)作人員(yuan)來自(zi)紀(ji)(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)，為(wei)巡視(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)與紀(ji)(ji)律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、派駐(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)貫(guan)通融合奠(dian)定了組(zu)織(zhi)基(ji)礎。

　　“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”各有側重、各具(ju)優勢，具(ju)有很(hen)強(qiang)的功能互補(bu)性。紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)重在加強(qiang)對全體黨(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)遵守黨(dang)的政治紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律、組織紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律、廉潔紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律、群(qun)眾紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律、工作紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律、生活紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)重在對所有行(xing)(xing)(xing)使公(gong)權力(li)的公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)使權力(li)等(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；派駐監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)是紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的延伸(shen)，既有紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，又有相應的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)權，重在對駐在部(bu)門黨(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干(gan)部(bu)和(he)公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)遵紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)守法(fa)、履(lv)職(zhi)(zhi)盡責(ze)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)是上級(ji)(ji)黨(dang)組織對下級(ji)(ji)黨(dang)組織堅持黨(dang)的領導、履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)能責(ze)任(ren)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”方式多元、手段互補(bu)，黨(dang)章、黨(dang)內(nei)(nei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)條例等(deng)賦予(yu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)委監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)執紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)問責(ze)3項職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)、17種紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)手段，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)法(fa)賦予(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)調查(cha)處(chu)置3項職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)、“12+3”種監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)方式；巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)工作條例賦予(yu)巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)“12+N”的工作方式，主要是發現問題(ti)、形成震懾，推(tui)動改革、促進發展，巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)不能履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審查(cha)調查(cha)權。“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”既相互貫通(tong)融合(he)、又相互監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)制衡(heng)，巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)把(ba)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)責(ze)任(ren)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)作為(wei)重要內(nei)(nei)容，巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)構(gou)、巡(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)部(bu)也(ye)要接(jie)受(shou)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，有效解決了“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)者也(ye)要受(shou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”問題(ti)。

　　推(tui)進(jin)“四項監(jian)督(du)”統(tong)籌(chou)銜接(jie)、貫通協同，關鍵(jian)是(shi)要(yao)健全完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)相應的(de)制度機制。要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)步完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)情況通報、溝通協調機制，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現監(jian)督(du)信息共(gong)享(xiang)共(gong)用；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)人(ren)員選派(pai)、隊(dui)伍(wu)共(gong)建機制，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現監(jian)督(du)力量(liang)統(tong)籌(chou)共(gong)管；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)責任(ren)分工、統(tong)籌(chou)銜接(jie)機制，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現監(jian)督(du)職能互補互助(zhu)；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)成果(guo)運用、督(du)促整改機制，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現監(jian)督(du)成果(guo)共(gong)用共(gong)享(xiang)，推(tui)動從有形覆蓋(gai)到有效監(jian)督(du)的(de)提升，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現“1+1+1+1＞4”的(de)聚變反應，推(tui)動構建以黨內(nei)監(jian)督(du)為(wei)主導，各類(lei)監(jian)督(du)有機貫通、相互協調的(de)監(jian)督(du)體系。（本文(wen)刊(kan)登(deng)于《中國紀檢監(jian)察報》2021年1月14日理論周刊(kan)第6版(ban)）