實踐中，一(yi)些(xie)黨員、干部(bu)(bu)借節日探望(wang)、婚(hun)喪嫁娶之機，頂風(feng)違(wei)紀違(wei)法(fa)，違(wei)規(gui)向有關領導干部(bu)(bu)或單位(wei)贈送禮(li)品(pin)、禮(li)金(jin)、消費卡(ka)等財(cai)物（以下統(tong)稱禮(li)品(pin)禮(li)金(jin)），甚(shen)至搞權錢交易、謀取(qu)不(bu)正當(dang)利(li)益(yi)。對此，在有力懲(cheng)治收禮(li)的同時，還需要依(yi)規(gui)依(yi)紀依(yi)法(fa)處(chu)置違(wei)規(gui)送禮(li)的問題(ti)。

　　準確(que)把握責(ze)任(ren)(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)的(de)(de)條件(jian)。正(zheng)常(chang)禮(li)(li)(li)尚(shang)往(wang)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)財(cai)物，常(chang)見于親朋好友(you)之間，意(yi)在增進感情(qing)，主觀上缺乏違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)故(gu)意(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具有(you)社會(hui)危害(hai)性，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)構成(cheng)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)。對(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屬于正(zheng)常(chang)禮(li)(li)(li)尚(shang)往(wang)來(lai)(lai)但(dan)系(xi)基于公職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)吃拿卡要(yao)(yao)等(deng)(deng)原(yuan)因，主觀上沒有(you)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)故(gu)意(yi)的(de)(de)送(song)(song)禮(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能認定(ding)(ding)為(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，當送(song)(song)禮(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，超(chao)過(guo)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)限度，達到(dao)情(qing)節較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)時(shi)，就應當依(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)依(yi)(yi)紀(ji)(ji)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)送(song)(song)禮(li)(li)(li)人(ren)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。對(dui)(dui)黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)、監察對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)向有(you)關(guan)公職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)及其特定(ding)(ding)關(guan)系(xi)人(ren)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)禮(li)(li)(li)品(pin)禮(li)(li)(li)金的(de)(de)，應當根據(ju)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)處分條例第八十九條、公職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)政(zheng)務處分法(fa)第三十四(si)條第二(er)款規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)處理，其中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)把握追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)政(zheng)務責(ze)任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)兩個條件(jian)：一是(shi)(shi)明(ming)顯超(chao)出正(zheng)常(chang)禮(li)(li)(li)尚(shang)往(wang)來(lai)(lai)，可(ke)能影響公正(zheng)執行(xing)公務，二(er)是(shi)(shi)情(qing)節較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)。對(dui)(dui)此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能單(dan)純以數額(e)大小界定(ding)(ding)“明(ming)顯”與“情(qing)節嚴重(zhong)”，而是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合當地正(zheng)常(chang)人(ren)情(qing)禮(li)(li)(li)節實(shi)際、贈(zeng)送(song)(song)財(cai)物的(de)(de)價值及頻(pin)次、對(dui)(dui)公務執行(xing)的(de)(de)影響以及社會(hui)反(fan)響等(deng)(deng)因素予(yu)以綜合認定(ding)(ding)。對(dui)(dui)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)構成(cheng)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)者構成(cheng)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)但(dan)可(ke)以免予(yu)或(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)予(yu)處分的(de)(de)，應當給予(yu)批評教育、責(ze)令(ling)檢(jian)查或(huo)(huo)誡勉(mian)等(deng)(deng)處理。對(dui)(dui)單(dan)位違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)送(song)(song)禮(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)，既要(yao)(yao)準確(que)認定(ding)(ding)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)主體，包(bao)括直接責(ze)任(ren)(ren)和領(ling)導責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，還要(yao)(yao)把握好追(zhui)(zhui)究(jiu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)條件(jian)，做到(dao)寬(kuan)嚴相濟。

　　精準(zhun)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)不(bu)同違紀(ji)違法(fa)(fa)涉嫌(xian)犯(fan)罪行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性。依收(shou)受雙方是(shi)自然人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)還是(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)標準(zhun)，可以(yi)將送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)給(gei)(gei)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)給(gei)(gei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)給(gei)(gei)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)給(gei)(gei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)四種。此時(shi)，需要(yao)從送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)意思的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)、錢款來源(yuan)、送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)目(mu)的(de)(de)、送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)過程以(yi)及(ji)(ji)社會(hui)危害性等方面綜合判斷(duan)屬于哪(na)一種情形(xing)，以(yi)便準(zhun)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性。首先，為(wei)(wei)(wei)謀取不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)利益而(er)(er)向(xiang)(xiang)國家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)職人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)(ji)其特定(ding)(ding)(ding)關系(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)品禮(li)(li)金的(de)(de)，應當(dang)界定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)性質(zhi)。對此，無論(lun)(lun)是(shi)否構成(cheng)犯(fan)罪，無論(lun)(lun)依行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)主體的(de)(de)不(bu)同而(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)和單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)，還是(shi)依行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)對象的(de)(de)不(bu)同而(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)國家(jia)(jia)工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)、向(xiang)(xiang)有影(ying)響力的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)對單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)，追究(jiu)黨(dang)紀(ji)政(zheng)務責任時(shi)，應當(dang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別援(yuan)引(yin)黨(dang)紀(ji)處分(fen)(fen)(fen)條例紀(ji)法(fa)(fa)銜接條款、公(gong)(gong)職人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)政(zheng)務處分(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)第三十三條予以(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性處理。其次，違規(gui)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性不(bu)限于行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)類違法(fa)(fa)犯(fan)罪，還可能(neng)基于套(tao)取公(gong)(gong)款、騙取公(gong)(gong)款以(yi)及(ji)(ji)收(shou)受他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財物后送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)，而(er)(er)又涉嫌(xian)貪污、職務侵占、受賄(hui)(hui)(hui)等違法(fa)(fa)犯(fan)罪。再次，對不(bu)構成(cheng)刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，但黨(dang)員(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)國家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)職人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)(ji)其特定(ding)(ding)(ding)關系(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)明顯(xian)超出正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)禮(li)(li)尚往來的(de)(de)禮(li)(li)品禮(li)(li)金，影(ying)響公(gong)(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)務的(de)(de)，應當(dang)認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)違反廉潔(jie)紀(ji)律(lv)、廉潔(jie)要(yao)求的(de)(de)違規(gui)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)；黨(dang)員(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)國家(jia)(jia)機關等公(gong)(gong)權力單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)的(de)(de)，應當(dang)確(que)認其送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)禮(li)(li)的(de)(de)違規(gui)之處，從對公(gong)(gong)權力的(de)(de)侵害以(yi)及(ji)(ji)對國家(jia)(jia)資(zi)財的(de)(de)浪費等角度予以(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性處理。

　　有效加(jia)強對涉案款物的(de)(de)處(chu)置(zhi)。黨(dang)紀處(chu)分條例第四(si)十(shi)條第一款規(gui)(gui)(gui)定，對于違(wei)紀所(suo)得(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)予(yu)(yu)以收(shou)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)責(ze)(ze)令退(tui)賠。公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)政務處(chu)分法(fa)(fa)第二(er)十(shi)五條第一款規(gui)(gui)(gui)定，公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)取得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)財物和(he)用于違(wei)法(fa)(fa)行(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)本人(ren)(ren)財物，除依法(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)由其他(ta)機關(guan)沒收(shou)、追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者責(ze)(ze)令退(tui)賠的(de)(de)，由監(jian)察機關(guan)沒收(shou)、追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者責(ze)(ze)令退(tui)賠。此外，對違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)，送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)或(huo)(huo)(huo)單位(wei)(wei)基于該(gai)違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)而(er)獲得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)利益(yi)(yi)，也應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)予(yu)(yu)以收(shou)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)糾(jiu)正(zheng)，其中對獲得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)經濟利益(yi)(yi)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)予(yu)(yu)以收(shou)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對獲得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)非經濟利益(yi)(yi)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)予(yu)(yu)以糾(jiu)正(zheng)。在(zai)收(shou)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)獲利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)同(tong)時，還應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)向(xiang)收(shou)受(shou)方(fang)(fang)收(shou)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)其違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)違(wei)紀所(suo)得(de)(de)(de)，收(shou)受(shou)方(fang)(fang)已將(jiang)收(shou)受(shou)的(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)金轉贈或(huo)(huo)(huo)轉移給他(ta)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)向(xiang)后(hou)者追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)向(xiang)收(shou)受(shou)方(fang)(fang)追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。如果收(shou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)為(wei)對抗(kang)組織審查等，將(jiang)其收(shou)受(shou)的(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)金退(tui)還給送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)向(xiang)送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位(wei)(wei)將(jiang)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)金送(song)給有關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)單位(wei)(wei)，因客觀原因確系(xi)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)追(zhui)(zhui)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，而(er)送(song)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)有關(guan)責(ze)(ze)任人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)表示愿意個人(ren)(ren)承擔單位(wei)(wei)損(sun)失的(de)(de)，可以認(ren)定為(wei)挽回損(sun)失，在(zai)處(chu)分處(chu)理時予(yu)(yu)以考量(liang)。

　　（常青(qing)華(hua)  作者單位(wei)：安徽省(sheng)淮北市紀委監委）