習近平總書(shu)記(ji)在文化傳承發展座談會上指出，中華(hua)優秀傳統(tong)文化有很(hen)多重要元(yuan)素，共同(tong)塑造(zao)出中華(hua)文明的突出特性。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)具有突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)性(xing)(xing)、突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)創新性(xing)(xing)、突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)統(tong)一性(xing)(xing)、突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)包容(rong)性(xing)(xing)、突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)和(he)平(ping)性(xing)(xing)。立足(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)(zu)偉大(da)實踐，深刻(ke)理解中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)特性(xing)(xing)，對于在新的(de)(de)歷史起點上(shang)繼續(xu)(xu)推動文(wen)化(hua)繁榮、建(jian)設文(wen)化(hua)強國、建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)(zu)現代文(wen)明(ming)(ming)具有重大(da)意義(yi)。本報與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央黨校“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國道路研究”項目組(zu)合作，特約請專家進(jin)行(xing)解讀(du)。

　　1 五千多年的文明史滋養了百年大黨(dang)，為(wei)開辟(pi)和發展中國(guo)特色社會主義奠定(ding)了深厚基礎

　　記者：歷(li)史是精神的(de)(de)大(da)寫與展開，思(si)想是文明的(de)(de)凝(ning)結與升華，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國共產黨(dang)是具有高度文化自覺(jue)的(de)(de)黨(dang)，黨(dang)的(de)(de)百年奮斗(dou)凝(ning)結著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文化與時俱進的(de)(de)歷(li)史。怎樣理解(jie)新時代(dai)我們在守正創新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)構筑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文化新氣象、激揚(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文明新活力？

　　王學斌：一(yi)個國家的發展，一(yi)個民族的延續，離不開對既有歷史的追溯(su)，對自身文(wen)明的汲取。

　　回(hui)顧(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)五千多年的(de)文(wen)明史(shi)，始(shi)終一脈相承(cheng)，積(ji)淀著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)最深層的(de)精(jing)神(shen)追求，代表著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)獨特的(de)精(jing)神(shen)標(biao)識，為中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)生生不(bu)息、發(fa)展壯大提供了豐厚(hou)滋養。在(zai)新的(de)起點上，中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)堅持中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道路(lu)、弘揚中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)精(jing)神(shen)、創造中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)智慧、凝聚中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)力量，更加(jia)需要深入理解中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明。

　　五千多年的文(wen)明史滋養了百年大黨，為(wei)開辟和發展中國特色(se)社會主義奠定了深(shen)厚基(ji)礎。其(qi)所蘊含的諸多寶貴(gui)元素，如(ru)同文(wen)化基(ji)因一(yi)般(ban)，既各具特色(se)，又內在聚(ju)合成理念體系(xi)，保(bao)證文(wen)明綿延五千多年，屢經(jing)沖擊不(bu)脫底色(se)、固本(ben)培元又與時(shi)俱(ju)進、開放包容且崇尚(shang)和平。深(shen)入(ru)理解中華文(wen)明的五大突出特性，必(bi)須(xu)明白它們是立(li)體有機(ji)的統一(yi)體系(xi)，需要(yao)從整體上加以把握，從而認清其(qi)來龍去脈與內在邏輯。

　　黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十八(ba)大(da)(da)(da)以來，以習近(jin)平(ping)同(tong)志為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源(yuan)、形(xing)成、發展、特(te)質(zhi)(zhi)、形(xing)態與(yu)(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)等一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列重大(da)(da)(da)問題念茲(zi)在茲(zi)，始(shi)終關注(zhu)。在2019年(nian)亞洲文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)對話大(da)(da)(da)會開幕式上(shang)(shang)，習近(jin)平(ping)總書記(ji)從(cong)四個方面(mian)總結(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本特(te)質(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)(ji)“親仁善鄰(lin)、協和(he)萬(wan)邦是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)貫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處世(shi)之(zhi)道，惠民(min)利民(min)、安民(min)富(fu)民(min)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)鮮明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值導向，革故鼎(ding)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、與(yu)(yu)時(shi)俱進是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)永恒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)氣質(zhi)(zhi)，道法自(zi)(zi)然、天人(ren)合(he)一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)內在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生存理(li)念”；在2022年(nian)十九屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央政治(zhi)局第三十九次集體(ti)學習時(shi)，習近(jin)平(ping)總書記(ji)從(cong)四個維度(du)概括中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當代價值，即(ji)(ji)“是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)標識(shi)，是(shi)(shi)當代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)基，是(shi)(shi)維系(xi)全世(shi)界華(hua)(hua)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)紐帶，也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)藏”；2023年(nian)6月2日，在文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化傳承發展座談會上(shang)(shang)，習近(jin)平(ping)總書記(ji)又從(cong)五(wu)個層面(mian)提煉(lian)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突出特(te)性(xing)，即(ji)(ji)連續性(xing)、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)、統一(yi)(yi)性(xing)、包容(rong)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)和(he)平(ping)性(xing)，并強調黨(dang)“在五(wu)千多年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)深(shen)厚(hou)基礎上(shang)(shang)開辟(pi)和(he)發展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色(se)社會主義(yi)，把馬克(ke)思主義(yi)基本原理(li)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)具體(ti)實際、同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)優秀(xiu)傳統文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化相結(jie)合(he)是(shi)(shi)必(bi)由(you)之(zhi)路”。這是(shi)(shi)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)整體(ti)理(li)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)總結(jie)，彰顯出百(bai)年(nian)大(da)(da)(da)黨(dang)高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)意識(shi)與(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化自(zi)(zi)覺，體(ti)現了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族主動認知(zhi)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)、解釋自(zi)(zi)身(shen)且定義(yi)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。同(tong)時(shi)充(chong)分說明(ming)(ming)(ming)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)對新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色(se)社會主義(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化理(li)論創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)建構達到新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層次和(he)境界。

　　2 深(shen)沉的歷史意識孕(yun)育了(le)堅定的歷史自覺，從而(er)在當代展現出強烈的歷史自信(xin)

　　記者：我們怎(zen)樣理(li)解中(zhong)華文明(ming)在一脈相承中(zhong)生(sheng)發出蓬勃的生(sheng)命力，也就是“中(zhong)華民(min)族守正不守舊(jiu)、尊(zun)古不復古”。

　　王學(xue)斌：我們(men)可以先從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性(xing)(xing)談起。不(bu)妨做個比喻，文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也近似一種生命體(ti)，其(qi)衡(heng)量尺(chi)度往往以千年計。據(ju)目前(qian)(qian)學(xue)界(jie)成(cheng)果(guo)研判，綜(zong)觀世界(jie)六大原生形態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)（中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、兩(liang)河流域文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)埃(ai)及文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)印(yin)度文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)美洲瑪雅文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、南(nan)美洲印(yin)加文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)）興(xing)衰起滅，唯獨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)始終一脈(mo)相(xiang)承，除卻客觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理(li)格局、氣候條件外，就內(nei)在(zai)因(yin)素而(er)言(yan)，作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生命體(ti)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命基(ji)(ji)因(yin)與文(wen)化基(ji)(ji)因(yin)兩(liang)方面一直(zhi)延續不(bu)斷、傳(chuan)承發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)演進過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，形成(cheng)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特精(jing)神世界(jie)，日(ri)用(yong)而(er)不(bu)覺的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值觀。因(yin)此，延續性(xing)(xing)內(nei)生為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族習以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)識(shi)。此意(yi)識(shi)形成(cheng)甚早，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族自(zi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)以來(lai)(lai)便習慣(guan)以歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)與載體(ti)進行言(yan)說，傳(chuan)承記憶(yi)，實(shi)現(xian)認同(tong)，“女媧補天”“精(jing)衛填海”“大禹治水”，諸如(ru)此類神話傳(chuan)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)代代傳(chuan)頌，無不(bu)是(shi)民(min)族自(zi)我歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li)。歷(li)(li)(li)(li)代前(qian)(qian)賢都善(shan)于(yu)在(zai)持久中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)觸摸歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)搏(bo)，在(zai)變化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)緊盯其(qi)持久的(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡。西漢史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家司馬遷撰(zhuan)寫(xie)(xie)巨著《史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記》，便把(ba)“究(jiu)天人之(zhi)(zhi)際，通古(gu)(gu)(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)變”定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)至高目標。縱(zong)觀歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，歷(li)(li)(li)(li)朝歷(li)(li)(li)(li)代無論怎樣(yang)興(xing)衰更替，都不(bu)忘編(bian)(bian)修前(qian)(qian)朝之(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)千多年來(lai)(lai)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)接力(li)，形成(cheng)蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)二十(shi)(shi)四史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。同(tong)時中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族又(you)深切理(li)解“鑒古(gu)(gu)(gu)知今”的(de)(de)(de)(de)要義所在(zai)，如(ru)北宋名臣司馬光發(fa)奮沉(chen)潛十(shi)(shi)九載，“專取國(guo)(guo)家盛衰，系生民(min)休戚，善(shan)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法，惡可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戒者”編(bian)(bian)纂成(cheng)皇(huang)皇(huang)巨制(zhi)《資治通鑒》，旨在(zai)“鑒于(yu)往事，有資于(yu)治道”。由此可知，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族通過進行仁義忠信(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值倫理(li)與經世致用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政治倫理(li)雙(shuang)重書寫(xie)(xie)，賦(fu)予(yu)了時間維(wei)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無盡的(de)(de)(de)(de)政治和人文(wen)意(yi)義。賦(fu)予(yu)意(yi)義，既是(shi)記錄歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，又(you)是(shi)解釋歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，更是(shi)在(zai)創(chuang)造歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性(xing)(xing)得以亙古(gu)(gu)(gu)亙今，日(ri)新(xin)又(you)新(xin)。是(shi)故中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)五(wu)千年不(bu)絕(jue)向前(qian)(qian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人一貫重視歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、借(jie)鑒歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，且敬(jing)畏歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。深沉(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)識(shi)孕育了堅定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)覺，從(cong)而(er)在(zai)當代展(zhan)現(xian)出(chu)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)信(xin)。正如(ru)習近平總書記所指出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)：“當代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)是(shi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延續和發(fa)展(zhan)”，將自(zi)身(shen)置于(yu)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宏大視野之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，“如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)從(cong)源遠(yuan)流長的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)連續性(xing)(xing)來(lai)(lai)認識(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，就不(bu)可能(neng)理(li)解古(gu)(gu)(gu)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，也不(bu)可能(neng)理(li)解現(xian)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，更不(bu)可能(neng)理(li)解未(wei)來(lai)(lai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)。”

　　創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)性是(shi)(shi)中華文(wen)明生機蓬勃(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)生動力來(lai)源。考察文(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)續，切忌只觀(guan)其(qi)不變，而(er)忽略其(qi)變，往往動態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變遷(qian)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力所(suo)在，看似波瀾不驚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常態(tai)之中也(ye)蘊含(han)著風起于(yu)青萍(ping)之末(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)變。遍考古今(jin)中外，任(ren)何(he)國(guo)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史都不可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)(shi)筆直向前，所(suo)有(you)地域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明也(ye)絕非(fei)一(yi)帆風順。中華文(wen)明正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)憑借其(qi)自強不息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)取(qu)精(jing)神、革(ge)故(gu)鼎新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強大(da)氣(qi)魄，才能不斷(duan)突破“山重(zhong)水(shui)復”，屢(lv)(lv)屢(lv)(lv)迎(ying)來(lai)“柳暗花(hua)明”，從而(er)具(ju)有(you)了無與(yu)倫比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)造能力與(yu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)意識(shi)。我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明更新(xin)(xin)(xin)，既有(you)返本開新(xin)(xin)(xin)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)來(lai)居上，如孔子所(suo)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“殷因于(yu)夏禮，所(suo)損益，可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)；周因于(yu)殷禮，所(suo)損益，可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)；其(qi)或(huo)繼周者，雖(sui)百(bai)世可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)”；也(ye)有(you)除舊布(bu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)霆萬(wan)鈞，如商鞅所(suo)主(zhu)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“治世不一(yi)道，便國(guo)不法(fa)古”，“當時(shi)而(er)立法(fa)，因事而(er)制禮”；更有(you)與(yu)時(shi)偕(xie)新(xin)(xin)(xin)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)創(chuang)(chuang)舉，中國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)成(cheng)立以來(lai)，堅持把馬(ma)克(ke)思主(zhu)義(yi)基本原理同中國(guo)具(ju)體實際相(xiang)結合、同中華優(you)秀傳統文(wen)化(hua)相(xiang)結合，用馬(ma)克(ke)思主(zhu)義(yi)觀(guan)察時(shi)代、把握時(shi)代、引領時(shi)代，“這是(shi)(shi)我們(men)在探(tan)索中國(guo)特色社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)道路(lu)中得出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)，是(shi)(shi)我們(men)取(qu)得成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)法(fa)寶。”

　　因(yin)此(ci)，不(bu)懼新(xin)挑戰(zhan)、勇(yong)于接受新(xin)事物已(yi)內化為中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)的無畏品格，“從根本上決定(ding)了中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)守正不(bu)守舊、尊(zun)古不(bu)復古”。

　　3 中華文明是(shi)一種樂于(yu)且善于(yu)同其他文明不斷(duan)交流(liu)互(hu)鑒(jian)的開(kai)放(fang)體系(xi)，形塑了極為恢弘的文明格局

　　記(ji)者(zhe)：文(wen)明如(ru)水，潤物無聲，中華民族在兼(jian)收并(bing)蓄中形成(cheng)了文(wen)化共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)意識。怎樣(yang)理解這種共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)意識，為我們(men)帶來了包羅萬象、胸懷天下(xia)的文(wen)明格局？

　　王學(xue)斌：統(tong)一(yi)性是中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心信念。中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)在日積月累中(zhong)(zhong)，久而久之(zhi)(zhi)養成了(le)一(yi)種集體(ti)主義精神，每位成員具備(bei)極(ji)其強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)意識。在絕大多數情況下(xia)，群(qun)體(ti)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大，社(she)會(hui)整合(he)程度越(yue)(yue)(yue)高，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)越(yue)(yue)(yue)發(fa)達，個人(ren)(ren)與組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存(cun)空間(jian)和發(fa)展空間(jian)就會(hui)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大，因而中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成為人(ren)(ren)類(lei)歷史上最(zui)早實現政(zheng)權統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)，這恐怕也(ye)是與西亞(ya)、兩河、地中(zhong)(zhong)海、美洲(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)極(ji)大不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。一(yi)部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)史，就是一(yi)部(bu)各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)交融(rong)匯聚(ju)成多元一(yi)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，就是各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)締(di)造(zao)、發(fa)展、鞏(gong)固統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大祖國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)團結(jie)融(rong)合(he)，多元之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)聚(ju)為一(yi)體(ti)，源(yuan)自(zi)各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兼收并蓄，各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)優秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)都是中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成部(bu)分，中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)是主干，各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)是枝葉，根深(shen)干壯才能枝繁(fan)葉茂；源(yuan)自(zi)經濟上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)依存(cun)，各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)依托各(ge)(ge)具特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)方式，彼此深(shen)度交流(liu)，共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)開發(fa)了(le)祖國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錦繡河山、廣袤(mao)疆域(yu)，秦漢雄(xiong)風、盛(sheng)唐氣象、康乾盛(sheng)世，是各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄就的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輝煌(huang)；源(yuan)自(zi)情感上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)親近，在歷代共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)維護國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全與社(she)會(hui)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，有(you)效(xiao)抵御各(ge)(ge)種極(ji)端、分裂(lie)思(si)想滲透顛覆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)牢固樹立了(le)休(xiu)戚(qi)與共(gong)、榮辱與共(gong)、生(sheng)死與共(gong)、命運與共(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)理(li)念；更源(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)追(zhui)求團結(jie)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)生(sheng)動力(li)，“從根本上決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)各(ge)(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)融(rong)為一(yi)體(ti)、即使(shi)遭(zao)遇重大挫折也(ye)牢固凝聚(ju)，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)國(guo)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)分、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)亂、民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)散、文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)信念，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)統(tong)一(yi)永遠是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)核心利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)了(le)一(yi)個堅(jian)強統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)是各(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命運所(suo)系”。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)包容性形塑(su)了極為恢弘(hong)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)格(ge)局(ju)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)如水，潤物(wu)無聲，流動不(bu)居，海(hai)納(na)百川，于(yu)兼收(shou)(shou)并(bing)蓄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷久(jiu)彌新。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是一種(zhong)(zhong)樂于(yu)且善于(yu)同其他文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)不(bu)斷(duan)交流互鑒(jian)的(de)(de)(de)開放體(ti)系(xi)。從古(gu)至今，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)無時無刻不(bu)在(zai)取(qu)長(chang)補短(duan)、擇善而從，去粗取(qu)精、去偽存真，豐(feng)富(fu)了自(zi)身，也(ye)饋贈他者(zhe)。這種(zhong)(zhong)包容，對內(nei)是足以(yi)涵納(na)諸多地域及民族的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、習俗、思想(xiang)，例如著名(ming)考古(gu)學家嚴文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)先生將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)多元一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展闡釋為以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原為核心的(de)(de)(de)“重(zhong)瓣花(hua)朵”模式(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原是花(hua)心，圍繞花(hua)心是甘青(qing)、遼河、山東、長(chang)江流域等(deng)第二層花(hua)瓣，再向外是第三(san)層，這樣(yang)由(you)點成(cheng)線，終聚為一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)長(chang)態勢，就(jiu)決(jue)定了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)是在(zai)數千載的(de)(de)(de)融匯因革中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臻(zhen)于(yu)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)(zhong)包容，對外是充(chong)分吸收(shou)(shou)異質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)精品、精華(hua)(hua)，例如三(san)星(xing)堆(dui)遺址(zhi)具(ju)有東、西(xi)方(fang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)許多共同特(te)質(zhi)，通過已發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)諸如金杖、青(qing)銅雕像、海(hai)貝等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)，我們可以(yi)大(da)致判斷(duan)早在(zai)那(nei)時，古(gu)蜀國(guo)先人(ren)已與印度、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)乃至兩河流域的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)有所(suo)接觸，所(suo)以(yi)李學勤先生說：“三(san)星(xing)堆(dui)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)還沒有得到(dao)充(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)估計。實(shi)際上，這一發(fa)(fa)現在(zai)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)學術史上的(de)(de)(de)地位，完(wan)全可以(yi)與特(te)洛伊或者(zhe)尼尼微相比”，“它的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和(he)作用應當站在(zai)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)史的(de)(de)(de)高度上來認識(shi)”。由(you)此可知(zhi)，此恢弘(hong)格(ge)局(ju)“從根本上決(jue)定了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族交往交流交融的(de)(de)(de)歷史取(qu)向，決(jue)定了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)各宗教信仰多元并(bing)存的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧格(ge)局(ju)，決(jue)定了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化對世(shi)(shi)界(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)兼收(shou)(shou)并(bing)蓄的(de)(de)(de)開放胸(xiong)懷”。

　　放眼當下的(de)世(shi)界(jie)，中華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)和平性顯得尤為(wei)重要。作為(wei)一種生命(ming)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間倘若發(fa)生隔閡、制造(zao)沖(chong)突、自認優越，終(zhong)致(zhi)兩敗俱(ju)傷、慘淡收場。令(ling)人自豪的(de)是(shi)，中華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)自古就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)有(you)排他性，《尚(shang)書·堯典》曾(ceng)倡(chang)“協和萬邦”，《禮(li)(li)記·禮(li)(li)運》有(you)云“天下大同(tong)(tong)”，正(zheng)是(shi)憑借其崇尚(shang)和平的(de)本質屬性在(zai)包(bao)容并蓄中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷衍生發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。通過古絲(si)綢之路的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)，古希臘文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、古羅馬文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、地中海(hai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以及佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督教都相繼進(jin)入(ru)中國(guo)，與中華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)融合(he)共生，實現本土化(hua)，從(cong)來沒有(you)產生過文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)沖(chong)突和宗教戰爭。因此，“從(cong)根本上(shang)決(jue)定(ding)了(le)中國(guo)始終(zhong)是(shi)世(shi)界(jie)和平的(de)建設者(zhe)、全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)貢獻者(zhe)、國(guo)際(ji)秩(zhi)序的(de)維護者(zhe)，決(jue)定(ding)了(le)中國(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷追(zhui)求文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)搞文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)霸權，決(jue)定(ding)了(le)中國(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會把自己(ji)的(de)價值(zhi)(zhi)觀念與政治體(ti)(ti)制強加于人，決(jue)定(ding)了(le)中國(guo)堅持合(he)作、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)搞對(dui)抗，決(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)搞‘黨同(tong)(tong)伐異’的(de)小圈(quan)子(zi)。”這也(ye)是(shi)為(wei)什么中國(guo)共產黨能夠在(zai)新時(shi)代(dai)提出(chu)“人類(lei)命(ming)運共同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)”“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)互(hu)鑒(jian)(jian)”“全(quan)人類(lei)共同(tong)(tong)價值(zhi)(zhi)”“全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)倡(chang)議”“全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)安全(quan)倡(chang)議”“全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)倡(chang)議”等系列(lie)理念主張的(de)根源(yuan)所在(zai)。

　　綜上，綿延不絕源于創(chuang)新不已(yi)，達致(zhi)中和(he)且(qie)包容萬象，孕育出胸懷天下、立己(ji)達人的和(he)平氣(qi)象。中華文(wen)明的五方面突出特(te)性相輔相成，實為一體，為開辟(pi)和(he)發展中國特(te)色社(she)會主(zhu)義奠定了深厚基礎(chu)。

　　當代(dai)中國，江(jiang)山壯麗，人(ren)民豪邁(mai)，前(qian)程遠(yuan)大(da)。吸吮著五千多(duo)年中華(hua)民族(zu)漫長奮斗積累的文化養分，我們堅持走(zou)自己的路，具有無(wu)(wu)比(bi)廣闊的時代(dai)舞臺(tai)，具有無(wu)(wu)比(bi)深(shen)厚的歷史底蘊，具有無(wu)(wu)比(bi)強大(da)的前(qian)進動力(li)。（記者 劉同(tong)華(hua)）