如何把握“指定購買型”案件性質及其犯罪數額

　　根據請托人是否有真實需求分類認定

　　實踐中(zhong)，有一種新(xin)的腐敗表現形式，即國家工作人員指定(ding)(ding)請托(tuo)人購買第三人銷售(shou)的產(chan)品，可(ke)稱之(zhi)為(wei)“指定(ding)(ding)購買型”。該(gai)類案件(jian)能否(fou)認定(ding)(ding)為(wei)行受賄犯(fan)罪(zui)、如何計算具(ju)體犯(fan)罪(zui)數額，實踐中(zhong)存在(zai)難點(dian)。我們認為(wei)可(ke)根據請托(tuo)人是(shi)否(fou)有真實購買需求，結(jie)合不(bu)同(tong)情(qing)形進行分(fen)類認定(ding)(ding)。

　　第(di)(di)一類“有(you)真(zhen)實(shi)需(xu)求(qiu)型(xing)”，即請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)銷售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)有(you)真(zhen)實(shi)需(xu)求(qiu)，具體又可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)。一是(shi)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)未明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)高于(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情形下，對于(yu)請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而言(yan)，無(wu)論從(cong)(cong)哪個渠道購(gou)(gou)買(mai)都需(xu)要支(zhi)付相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)款、付出相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本，其(qi)在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)上沒(mei)(mei)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)利(li)益輸(shu)送的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)意(yi)；對于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而言(yan)，更多是(shi)想利(li)用(yong)職權(quan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)經營活動幫(bang)忙，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)通(tong)過此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式接受(shou)(shou)請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)好處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想法，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)一般(ban)情況(kuang)下不構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)，但(dan)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)屬于(yu)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關系(xi)(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，可(ke)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)反廉(lian)潔(jie)紀律(lv)。二是(shi)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)高于(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)具有(you)通(tong)過此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式共同(tong)(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)意(yi)，可(ke)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)，一般(ban)以(yi)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差額(e)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)數(shu)額(e)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情形首先要求(qiu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)銷售(shou)(shou)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)高于(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)明(ming)確認(ren)(ren)知。其(qi)次要求(qiu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對差額(e)部分有(you)占(zhan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)意(yi)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關系(xi)(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)；若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不是(shi)有(you)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)利(li)益關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，則(ze)要求(qiu)雙方(fang)(fang)有(you)通(tong)過此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式共同(tong)(tong)(tong)斂財的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)謀和故(gu)意(yi)。比如，第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)丙(bing)(bing)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)甲(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)鄉(xiang)，二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)過甲(jia)給(gei)請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乙打(da)招呼，讓(rang)(rang)乙從(cong)(cong)丙(bing)(bing)處(chu)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)紅(hong)酒，賺(zhuan)(zhuan)取利(li)潤后二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平分。此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況(kuang)下，可(ke)將購(gou)(gou)買(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差額(e)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甲(jia)與(yu)丙(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)數(shu)額(e)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差價(jia)(jia)(jia)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)占(zhan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)故(gu)意(yi)，其(qi)意(yi)圖(tu)上主(zhu)要是(shi)幫(bang)助第(di)(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢，可(ke)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)反廉(lian)潔(jie)紀律(lv)。但(dan)是(shi)如果購(gou)(gou)買(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差額(e)巨(ju)大、明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)，且(qie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)上均具備(bei)(bei)實(shi)施(shi)權(quan)錢交易的(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)知和意(yi)圖(tu)，其(qi)實(shi)質是(shi)按照國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要求(qiu)變相(xiang)支(zhi)付賄(hui)(hui)賂款的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，即使國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)上沒(mei)(mei)有(you)對差價(jia)(jia)(jia)占(zhan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)意(yi)，也(ye)應認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)。比如，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)甲(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了追(zhui)求(qiu)丙(bing)(bing)，讓(rang)(rang)請(qing)(qing)(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乙花費(fei)100萬元(yuan)從(cong)(cong)丙(bing)(bing)處(chu)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10萬元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)酒。考慮到差額(e)巨(ju)大且(qie)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)，則(ze)可(ke)推(tui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對用(yong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式進行(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)錢交易具備(bei)(bei)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清晰的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)故(gu)意(yi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)應將90萬元(yuan)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)數(shu)額(e)。

　　第二類是“無真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)型(xing)”，即請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)第三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)是沒有(you)真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)，一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)(ke)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)受(shou)賄(hui)犯罪(zui)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)如何計算犯罪(zui)數額(e)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩種情況(kuang)處(chu)理。一(yi)是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)是大眾的(de)(de)、有(you)真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上流(liu)通的(de)(de)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，考慮到(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)是客(ke)觀存(cun)在的(de)(de)，且產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)已(yi)被(bei)(bei)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)占有(you)，從有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)調查對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)角度出發，不宜簡單(dan)將(jiang)(jiang)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)支付款(kuan)項認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)受(shou)賄(hui)數額(e)，一(yi)般宜以(yi)(yi)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)成本(ben)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)差(cha)額(e)進行(xing)(xing)認(ren)定(ding)。比如，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)甲，讓請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乙(yi)(yi)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)其(qi)特定(ding)關系人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)丙負責銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)管理類書籍(ji)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)討好甲，乙(yi)(yi)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)100萬元(yuan)(yuan)書籍(ji)，購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)后(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)書籍(ji)被(bei)(bei)發放給員(yuan)工，部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)被(bei)(bei)堆(dui)砌在庫房中(zhong)。該(gai)批書市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)50萬元(yuan)(yuan)，成本(ben)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)20萬元(yuan)(yuan)。本(ben)案中(zhong)，雖然(ran)乙(yi)(yi)沒有(you)具體購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，但考慮到(dao)該(gai)批書籍(ji)有(you)其(qi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)閱讀價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)二手書再次銷(xiao)售(shou)，因此(ci)宜將(jiang)(jiang)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)與成本(ben)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)差(cha)額(e)80萬元(yuan)(yuan)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)犯罪(zui)數額(e)。二是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)是小(xiao)眾的(de)(de)、真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)途模糊、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上難以(yi)(yi)流(liu)通的(de)(de)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)成本(ben)不高或難以(yi)(yi)計算的(de)(de)，此(ci)時產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)更(geng)像一(yi)種完(wan)成利(li)益輸送的(de)(de)“道(dao)具”，一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)錢(qian)款(kuan)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)受(shou)賄(hui)犯罪(zui)數額(e)。比如，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)甲幫助請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乙(yi)(yi)謀利(li)后(hou)(hou)，帶(dai)乙(yi)(yi)到(dao)自己朋(peng)友、畫家(jia)(jia)(jia)丙的(de)(de)畫室并介紹(shao)說丙的(de)(de)畫非常好、有(you)升(sheng)值(zhi)(zhi)潛力，乙(yi)(yi)心領神會(hui)花費100萬元(yuan)(yuan)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)兩幅畫。乙(yi)(yi)將(jiang)(jiang)畫拿(na)回家(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)(hou)，隨意(yi)(yi)(yi)扔(reng)到(dao)角落(luo)，案發時因搬家(jia)(jia)(jia)已(yi)經(jing)丟失(shi)。又如，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)甲長期信任某(mou)“大師(shi)”，為(wei)(wei)了(le)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)“大師(shi)”幫自己“升(sheng)遷”，甲要求(qiu)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乙(yi)(yi)在“大師(shi)”處(chu)花費100萬元(yuan)(yuan)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)開(kai)過光的(de)(de)“法物(wu)”，乙(yi)(yi)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)丟棄。上述案件中(zhong)字畫和(he)(he)“法物(wu)”并非市(shi)(shi)場(chang)流(liu)通的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，認(ren)可(ke)(ke)(ke)、購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)群體十分(fen)小(xiao)眾，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)后(hou)(hou)隨意(yi)(yi)(yi)丟棄等案情，可(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)身對(dui)(dui)上述物(wu)品(pin)毫無需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)和(he)(he)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)意(yi)(yi)(yi)愿，明(ming)知(zhi)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)就是按照國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要求(qiu)變(bian)相實(shi)(shi)施利(li)益輸送的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)主觀故意(yi)(yi)(yi)依據(ju)(ju)上述思路能夠得出同樣(yang)結論。加之非知(zhi)名畫家(jia)(jia)(jia)所做字畫和(he)(he)“大師(shi)”的(de)(de)“法物(wu)”幾乎沒有(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)，因此(ci)將(jiang)(jiang)購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)受(shou)賄(hui)數額(e)，符合(he)(he)主客(ke)觀一(yi)致(zhi)原則。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)類“無真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)型(xing)”案件，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)需(xu)(xu)對(dui)(dui)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無實(shi)(shi)際購(gou)買(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)具備明(ming)知(zhi)的(de)(de)故意(yi)(yi)(yi)，要結合(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)交代(dai)、請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)經(jing)營業務、第三人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)銷(xiao)售(shou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)類型(xing)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)保值(zhi)(zhi)增(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)程度等進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析和(he)(he)推定(ding)。（作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe) 艾萍 單(dan)位：中(zhong)央(yang)紀委(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)監委(wei)）