李赟

　　甘(gan)肅(su)(su)地(di)處祖國(guo)大(da)西北，省會(hui)(hui)蘭(lan)州是西北政治、經濟(ji)、文化的中(zhong)心(xin)之一(yi)，也是西北重(zhong)要的交通樞紐(niu)。“一(yi)五(wu)”“二(er)五(wu)”時(shi)期，國(guo)家在甘(gan)肅(su)(su)大(da)規模布(bu)局(ju)建(jian)設(she)了以蘇聯援建(jian)項目(mu)為(wei)主的一(yi)批(pi)大(da)型工(gong)業(ye)(ye)骨干項目(mu)，與之相(xiang)適應(ying)，甘(gan)肅(su)(su)地(di)方工(gong)業(ye)(ye)加快發展(zhan)，掀起了現(xian)代工(gong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的第一(yi)次(ci)高(gao)潮，為(wei)推動甘(gan)肅(su)(su)經濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)發展(zhan)作出(chu)了重(zhong)要貢獻。

　　國(guo)家布局(ju)重點工業(ye)，掀起甘(gan)肅現(xian)代工業(ye)建設高潮

　　1953年(nian)，國民(min)經濟第一(yi)個五(wu)年(nian)計劃開始(shi)實施，甘(gan)肅被確定為(wei)國家新的(de)工業(ye)(ye)基地和(he)重點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設地區之一(yi)，布(bu)局(ju)了一(yi)批大型(xing)工業(ye)(ye)項目和(he)國防建(jian)(jian)設項目。到(dao)“二五(wu)”末，相繼建(jian)(jian)成投(tou)產了蘭州煉油廠、蘭州化肥廠、蘭州合成橡(xiang)膠廠等一(yi)批重點(dian)工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)，形成甘(gan)肅現(xian)代工業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)第一(yi)次高潮(chao)。

　　（一(yi)）以蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)投資興建(jian)重點骨干企業(ye)(ye)。“一(yi)五”時期(qi)，以蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，國(guo)家在甘肅(su)大規模(mo)投資興建(jian)蘇聯(lian)援(yuan)助(zhu)的“156項(xiang)”中(zhong)的8項(xiang)現(xian)代化(hua)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)，加上配套(tao)項(xiang)目、限(xian)額以上項(xiang)目和國(guo)防(fang)軍工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)共(gong)16項(xiang)（包括9個民(min)用企業(ye)(ye)、7個軍工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)；蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)占12個）。8項(xiang)現(xian)代化(hua)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)分(fen)別(bie)是(shi)：石油(you)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)所屬(shu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)煉油(you)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，電(dian)力(li)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)所屬(shu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)熱電(dian)站，重工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)所屬(shu)白銀有色金屬(shu)公司、蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)氮肥料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)合(he)成橡膠廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，第一(yi)機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)所屬(shu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)石油(you)機械(xie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)煉油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，第二(er)(er)機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)所屬(shu)八○五廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。配套(tao)項(xiang)目蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)供排水工(gong)(gong)程（蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)自(zi)來水廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)），由(you)蘇聯(lian)設(she)計并提供主(zhu)要設(she)備(bei)。限(xian)額以上工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目永登(deng)水泥(ni)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，由(you)德意(yi)志民(min)主(zhu)共(gong)和國(guo)援(yuan)助(zhu)建(jian)設(she)，全套(tao)設(she)備(bei)由(you)該國(guo)引進。國(guo)防(fang)軍工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)包括一(yi)三五廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)（萬里機電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)）、二(er)(er)四二(er)(er)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)（新(xin)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)儀表廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)）、七八一(yi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)（長風(feng)機器廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)），核工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)五○四廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、四○四廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和酒泉火箭發射場(chang)（即八一(yi)二(er)(er)○基地(di)、現(xian)酒泉航天基地(di)）。16項(xiang)重點工(gong)(gong)程相繼開工(gong)(gong)，迅(xun)速掀起甘肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)的高潮。

　　（二）沿海(hai)地區企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)量(liang)遷(qian)蘭(lan)(lan)強化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎。在(zai)國(guo)(guo)家“建(jian)設大(da)西(xi)北”的(de)(de)號召下，許多(duo)東南(nan)沿海(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內遷(qian)。除重工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)外，各地的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)紛紛支援蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)，加(jia)速了(le)甘肅大(da)規模工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)設高(gao)潮。其中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市于1955年(nian)和(he)1956年(nian)共有47家商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)遷(qian)蘭(lan)(lan)，包括歷史悠久、享有盛譽的(de)(de)信(xin)大(da)祥綢布(bu)莊、泰昌(chang)百(bai)貨店(dian)、意姆(mu)登(deng)洗染店(dian)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)照相館、悅賓樓(lou)餐館、登(deng)記理發店(dian)、佛慈制藥(yao)廠(chang)、美高(gao)皮(pi)鞋廠(chang)等。蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)還從上(shang)(shang)海(hai)公私合營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)引進資金200萬(wan)元，修(xiu)建(jian)商(shang)場、飯店(dian)以及商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)校等。不(bu)僅(jin)填補了(le)蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)市的(de)(de)空(kong)白，也(ye)為全省(sheng)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)起(qi)到了(le)示范推(tui)動作用。“一五”期間，蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從解放初(chu)期的(de)(de)16個(ge)增加(jia)到126個(ge)，1957年(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產值達到2.17億(yi)元，為新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立前的(de)(de)19倍、1952年(nian)的(de)(de)4.7倍。

　　（三(san)）地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)配合(he)重點(dian)項目快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)崛起。1953年5月(yue)19日，省(sheng)委根(gen)據中(zhong)央關于(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的意見，通過《關于(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)甘(gan)肅地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的意見》，指出地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的主(zhu)要任務就是為大規模基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)服務，要發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)業(ye)(ye)，擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)煤(mei)礦(kuang)業(ye)(ye)，加強礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)勘探工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)中(zhong)小(xiao)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農村服務和供(gong)應。按照省(sheng)委部(bu)(bu)署，蘭州、張掖、酒泉等(deng)地(di)(di)陸續建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)起磚瓦廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、石料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、耐火(huo)材料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、木(mu)材加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和木(mu)器制造廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)，生產(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)項目建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)所需生產(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)。甘(gan)肅20多(duo)個地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)的國營廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)礦(kuang)得到(dao)改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，包括電站(zhan)、農具廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、榨油廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、乳制品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、亞麻加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、鐵工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和煤(mei)礦(kuang)等(deng)。全省(sheng)各地(di)(di)還積(ji)極(ji)興(xing)辦輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)，陸續興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了蘭州玻璃廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、日化廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、造紙廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、熱水瓶廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、甘(gan)南乳品(pin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、天(tian)水火(huo)柴廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、徽縣酒廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、安口陶瓷(ci)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)。地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)由1952年的1.8億元(yuan)增長到(dao)1957年的3億元(yuan)，增長66%。不僅保障(zhang)了重點(dian)項目的落戶投產(chan)(chan)，也對促(cu)進全省(sheng)國民(min)經濟的恢復和工(gong)(gong)(gong)農業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)(chan)生了重要影(ying)響(xiang)。

　　（四）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業項目(mu)建設(she)推動“一(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)”計(ji)劃(hua)超額(e)完(wan)(wan)成。經過全(quan)省各族人民的共同努力，“一(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)”計(ji)劃(hua)順利完(wan)(wan)成。大規模的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業建設(she)，極大地提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)我省工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業企業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力，國民經濟各部(bu)門(men)都取得了(le)巨大的成就(jiu)。1953年到(dao)1957年，全(quan)省工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業總產(chan)(chan)(chan)值年均增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)率達(da)(da)19.4%。至1957年底，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業總產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)6.35億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，比1952年增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)了(le)143%。各主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)部(bu)門(men)都超額(e)完(wan)(wan)成了(le)“一(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)”計(ji)劃(hua)目(mu)標。所(suo)(suo)有(you)制(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業結(jie)構(gou)發生(sheng)了(le)重大變化，中(zhong)央所(suo)(suo)屬(shu)企業的產(chan)(chan)(chan)值在全(quan)部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)值中(zhong)的比重逐年提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，由26.56%提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)51.52%。在所(suo)(suo)有(you)制(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)，全(quan)民所(suo)(suo)有(you)制(zhi)企業產(chan)(chan)(chan)值增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)了(le)4倍(bei)多，達(da)(da)4.77億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；集體所(suo)(suo)有(you)制(zhi)企業產(chan)(chan)(chan)值增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)了(le)47倍(bei)，達(da)(da)1.23億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業內部(bu)結(jie)構(gou)也發生(sheng)變化，年重工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)3.77億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業總產(chan)(chan)(chan)值的59.38%，輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)2.58億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業總產(chan)(chan)(chan)值的40.62%。

　　（五）重(zhong)點項目建成(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)為甘肅工(gong)(gong)業基(ji)石。“二五”時期，蘭(lan)州煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)廠(chang)(chang)、蘭(lan)州化(hua)肥(fei)廠(chang)(chang)、蘭(lan)州合成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠廠(chang)(chang)等相繼建成(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。蘭(lan)州煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)廠(chang)(chang)一(yi)期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)使中國原(yuan)油(you)加工(gong)(gong)能力比(bi)1957年(nian)擴(kuo)大了1.4倍。在全國新增(zeng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力中，蘭(lan)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)以30%的(de)(de)比(bi)例獨占鰲頭。蘭(lan)州化(hua)肥(fei)廠(chang)(chang)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)，結(jie)束(shu)(shu)了我國西北地(di)區不生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)化(hua)肥(fei)和甲醇的(de)(de)歷史，實現了“零”的(de)(de)突破。蘭(lan)州合成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠廠(chang)(chang)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)了我國不能生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠的(de)(de)歷史。蘭(lan)州石油(you)機(ji)械(xie)廠(chang)(chang)、蘭(lan)州煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)設備廠(chang)(chang)合并投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)，試制成(cheng)功我國第一(yi)臺(tai)大型石油(you)鉆(zhan)機(ji)。酒泉火箭(jian)發射場于1960年(nian)11月(yue)5日成(cheng)功發射新中國自(zi)己制造的(de)(de)第一(yi)枚遠程(cheng)導彈(dan)。到(dao)(dao)1962年(nian)，全省(sheng)工(gong)(gong)業總產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達到(dao)(dao)11.38億元，重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)業所占比(bi)重(zhong)從1952年(nian)的(de)(de)8.75%增(zeng)長到(dao)(dao)49.63%，全省(sheng)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)重(zhong)型結(jie)構趨(qu)于穩(wen)定。

　　工業建設(she)作用凸顯，引領推動經濟社會全面發(fa)展

　　由國家投資在甘(gan)肅建設的16項重點工業(ye)項目，是(shi)甘(gan)肅現代工業(ye)的開端，對(dui)改變(bian)甘(gan)肅乃(nai)至西北落(luo)后(hou)的工業(ye)現狀，推動(dong)經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展起(qi)到了(le)決定性作用(yong)，產生(sheng)了(le)積極而深遠的影響(xiang)。

　　（一(yi)）構(gou)筑(zhu)了(le)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基本框架(jia)，奠定了(le)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主導的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)格局。國家(jia)投(tou)資(zi)、布(bu)局的這些重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，使甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)迅速崛起(qi)，搭建(jian)(jian)起(qi)了(le)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的基本框架(jia)，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)成為(wei)一(yi)個具有(you)石油(you)化工(gong)(gong)、電力、建(jian)(jian)材(cai)、機械(xie)制(zhi)造、有(you)色金(jin)屬、國防軍工(gong)(gong)等門(men)類獨特的重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)省(sheng)份。同(tong)時，國家(jia)為(wei)配合重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)進(jin)行(xing)的改(gai)建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)相繼建(jian)(jian)成，以(yi)及新修鐵路的通(tong)車，都極大地提高了(le)我(wo)省(sheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)能力，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總產(chan)值大幅(fu)度增長，各主要生(sheng)產(chan)部(bu)門(men)都超額完成“一(yi)五(wu)”計劃目標。全省(sheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)發(fa)生(sheng)明顯(xian)變化，以(yi)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的傳統經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)，開始向以(yi)能源、原材(cai)料為(wei)主的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構(gou)轉(zhuan)變。

　　（二(er)）充實了(le)(le)國(guo)民(min)經濟重(zhong)要部(bu)門，填(tian)補了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領域的多項(xiang)空白(bai)。16項(xiang)重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目相繼建成，多個被(bei)譽為“共(gong)和國(guo)長子”。國(guo)家現代煉油(you)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以蘭州煉油(you)廠(chang)(chang)為發(fa)端。蘭化(hua)合成橡(xiang)膠廠(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)合成橡(xiang)膠技術(shu)的基地。蘭州石(shi)(shi)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)器廠(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的石(shi)(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)采、煉油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)設備制(zhi)造(zao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，試(shi)制(zhi)成功我(wo)(wo)國(guo)第一(yi)臺(tai)大(da)型石(shi)(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)機(ji)，開創(chuang)(chuang)了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)制(zhi)造(zao)深井石(shi)(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的歷史。白(bai)銀有色金(jin)屬公司是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一(yi)個大(da)型有色金(jin)屬聯(lian)合企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。在國(guo)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)面，五○四(si)廠(chang)(chang)為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)首次核(he)(he)試(shi)驗做出貢獻，四(si)○四(si)廠(chang)(chang)建成使我(wo)(wo)國(guo)核(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產形成了(le)(le)完整的體系。酒(jiu)泉(quan)衛(wei)星發(fa)射(she)基地是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一(yi)座導彈發(fa)射(she)場(chang)和衛(wei)星發(fa)射(she)基地，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)了(le)(le)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)航天史上(shang)的多個第一(yi)。蘭州自來水(shui)廠(chang)(chang)在國(guo)內設備最(zui)(zui)新、規模最(zui)(zui)大(da)，有“亞洲第一(yi)水(shui)廠(chang)(chang)”之稱。永登水(shui)泥(ni)廠(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西北第一(yi)座現代化(hua)水(shui)泥(ni)廠(chang)(chang)，奠定了(le)(le)甘肅現代水(shui)泥(ni)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的基礎(chu)。所有這些形成了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)社會主義工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、國(guo)防(fang)現代化(hua)大(da)格(ge)局中(zhong)(zhong)不可缺少的重(zhong)要門類。

　　（三）加(jia)快(kuai)了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設步伐(fa)，崛(jue)起(qi)了(le)(le)蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)、白銀、嘉峪(yu)關等(deng)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。“一(yi)五”期間，蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)被列為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)8個新(xin)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)之一(yi)，大規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設，使蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)由昔日的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)迅速(su)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)以(yi)石油(you)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電力、機械制造為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)化(hua)新(xin)興(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)政建(jian)(jian)設、交通(tong)運輸、文教衛生、公共福利事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有了(le)(le)長足(zu)發(fa)展(zhan)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)面積(ji)不斷(duan)擴大，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口迅猛(meng)增加(jia)，整(zheng)個社會面貌呈現出(chu)積(ji)極(ji)向(xiang)上的(de)(de)(de)態(tai)勢。1953年蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮人(ren)(ren)(ren)口287254人(ren)(ren)(ren)，鄉(xiang)村人(ren)(ren)(ren)口260287人(ren)(ren)(ren)；1960年城(cheng)(cheng)鎮人(ren)(ren)(ren)口增至941656人(ren)(ren)(ren)，鄉(xiang)村人(ren)(ren)(ren)口316621人(ren)(ren)(ren)。大量(liang)文化(hua)素質(zhi)較高的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術干部和(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)到蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)，帶來(lai)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)氣象，提升了(le)(le)蘭(lan)(lan)州(zhou)在全國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)地位和(he)(he)形象，形成(cheng)了(le)(le)團結互助、尊老愛幼(you)、奮發(fa)向(xiang)上的(de)(de)(de)良好社會風尚。隨著(zhu)重(zhong)點項目建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)進(jin)，白銀、嘉峪(yu)關等(deng)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)地而起(qi)。1956年，白銀市(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)白銀有色金屬公司、國(guo)營銀光化(hua)學材(cai)料廠(chang)而設市(shi)(shi)(shi)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)內重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)有色金屬工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地。嘉峪(yu)關市(shi)(shi)(shi)也因(yin)1955年發(fa)現肅(su)南鏡鐵(tie)山鐵(tie)礦(kuang)，伴(ban)隨著(zhu)酒泉鋼鐵(tie)公司的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設發(fa)展(zhan)而興(xing)起(qi)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)座新(xin)興(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　（四）培養(yang)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)了(le)大批(pi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)管理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，輻射帶動了(le)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步。在建設初期(qi)，國(guo)家(jia)選派(pai)留學(xue)生(sheng)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)部、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，到蘇(su)聯的(de)學(xue)校、廠(chang)(chang)礦對口學(xue)習。在新建項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，廣大工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)又在現場刻苦學(xue)習，從土建施工(gong)(gong)、設備安裝到開工(gong)(gong)試車(che)，學(xue)習蘇(su)聯專家(jia)的(de)先(xian)進經驗(yan)，較快地(di)掌握(wo)了(le)先(xian)進技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。重點項(xiang)目建成后，甘肅生(sheng)產的(de)能源、原材料、機(ji)械設備源源不(bu)斷地(di)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)到全國(guo)各(ge)地(di)，所培養(yang)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)管理(li)(li)干(gan)(gan)部成了(le)一批(pi)又一批(pi)新工(gong)(gong)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)的(de)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)。被(bei)譽為“新中(zhong)國(guo)煉油(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)搖(yao)籃”的(de)蘭州煉油(you)(you)廠(chang)(chang)，1957年(nian)至1997年(nian)向全國(guo)近40個石油(you)(you)化工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)10000余(yu)名管理(li)(li)干(gan)(gan)部、工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，蘭化向全國(guo)3000多(duo)(duo)家(jia)企業(ye)事(shi)業(ye)單位(wei)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)了(le)26000多(duo)(duo)名管理(li)(li)干(gan)(gan)部和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)。西(xi)固熱(re)電廠(chang)(chang)、四○四廠(chang)(chang)、五○四廠(chang)(chang)、八○五廠(chang)(chang)及酒泉衛星發射中(zhong)心(xin)各(ge)類人(ren)(ren)才(cai)遍布祖國(guo)各(ge)地(di)。

　　借鑒工業(ye)歷史經驗，堅定不移走強工業(ye)路子(zi)

　　甘肅(su)現(xian)代工(gong)業建設的(de)第一次高潮，不僅奠定了甘肅(su)現(xian)代工(gong)業的(de)基本框架(jia)，有力促進(jin)了全省經(jing)濟社(she)會的(de)發展，也為新時代甘肅(su)工(gong)業崛起(qi)積累了寶貴經(jing)驗。

　　啟示一：甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)發展(zhan)(zhan)，必須堅(jian)(jian)持工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主導(dao)地位不動搖。甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)70多年現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史告訴我們，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)始(shi)終(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)撐我省(sheng)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主導(dao)力(li)量(liang)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)興則甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)興，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)則甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)強(qiang)。省(sheng)第十四次黨代(dai)會把(ba)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作為“四強(qiang)”行動之一鄭(zheng)重(zhong)提出并(bing)大(da)力(li)組(zu)織實(shi)(shi)施，完全(quan)符合甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)實(shi)(shi)際。過(guo)去(qu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)榮光(guang)，曾在全(quan)國創造了輝煌(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。現(xian)(xian)在，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脊(ji)梁，為甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)奠定(ding)了厚重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“底盤”。未(wei)來，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)希望。甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)要(yao)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)高質量(liang)跨越式(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)，首先應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高質量(liang)跨越式(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)。要(yao)始(shi)終(zhong)堅(jian)(jian)持工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主導(dao)地位不動搖，堅(jian)(jian)持大(da)抓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)決心(xin)不動搖，堅(jian)(jian)定(ding)不移實(shi)(shi)施好強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行動。按照“淘汰落后、提升(sheng)傳統、培育新(xin)興”的(de)(de)(de)(de)思路，加快工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)升(sheng)級，推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟量(liang)質齊升(sheng)，重(zhong)塑(su)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)輝煌(huang)。要(yao)以開局就是(shi)(shi)(shi)決戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)決心(xin)和起(qi)步就是(shi)(shi)(shi)沖刺的(de)(de)(de)(de)魄力(li)，廣泛動員一切力(li)量(liang)，掀起(qi)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)辦(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)熱潮。

　　啟(qi)示(shi)二：甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)，必須主動融(rong)(rong)入(ru)國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)大(da)戰(zhan)略(lve)。甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)是西(xi)北地區(qu)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交通樞(shu)紐，地廣人稀，礦產豐富，黃河在(zai)蘭州穿(chuan)城而(er)過，有(you)承(cheng)接(jie)大(da)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)利條件(jian)。編制“一五”計劃時(shi)，抗美(mei)援朝(chao)正在(zai)進行，重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目按照中央“邊(bian)打(da)、邊(bian)穩、邊(bian)建(jian)(jian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針來安排。在(zai)遠(yuan)離戰(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后方(fang)建(jian)(jian)廠(chang)，是當時(shi)戰(zhan)略(lve)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史背景(jing)，獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理(li)位置，豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦產資源，使甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)很快融(rong)(rong)入(ru)國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)，催生了甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一次高潮(chao)。新時(shi)代，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)也有(you)許多有(you)利條件(jian)，甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)處在(zai)國家(jia)向西(xi)開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)沿(yan)，“一帶(dai)一路”是最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇。甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)要(yao)緊(jin)緊(jin)抓住這些有(you)利條件(jian)，不斷放(fang)大(da)優(you)勢，擦(ca)亮亮點，積極主動融(rong)(rong)入(ru)國家(jia)戰(zhan)略(lve)，掀起更大(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業建(jian)(jian)設高潮(chao)。

　　啟(qi)示三：甘肅工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，必須堅定走(zou)好高質量(liang)(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)路。“一五(wu)”時(shi)期(qi)蘇聯援建的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，都是采用當(dang)時(shi)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝設(she)計和新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備裝備。設(she)計起點高，技(ji)術含(han)量(liang)(liang)高，聯合程度高。16項(xiang)重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)相繼(ji)建成(cheng)，創造了多(duo)個“共和國長(chang)子”，甘肅成(cheng)為(wei)國家工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)“排頭兵(bing)”。新(xin)時(shi)代，必須完整(zheng)、準確(que)、全(quan)面貫徹(che)新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)，牢(lao)(lao)牢(lao)(lao)把握高質量(liang)(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主題，堅定不移走(zou)新(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化道(dao)路。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)提升(sheng)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)再造、技(ji)術改造升(sheng)級工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，引(yin)進(jin)更多(duo)固鏈(lian)補鏈(lian)強(qiang)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)優勢龍頭項(xiang)目(mu)，促進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)上下(xia)延伸、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚集群發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“培(pei)優扶強(qiang)”、中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化能力(li)提升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，打造一批“鏈(lian)主”企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、“小巨(ju)人(ren)”企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、“單項(xiang)冠軍(jun)”企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、“專(zhuan)(zhuan)精特新(xin)”企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。積極助推(tui)數字(zi)(zi)經濟發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，推(tui)動互聯網(wang)、人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能、大數據(ju)等與(yu)各產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)深度融合，促進(jin)數字(zi)(zi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數字(zi)(zi)化，全(quan)方(fang)位助推(tui)甘肅工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高質量(liang)(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

　　啟示四：甘肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業大發展(zhan)，必(bi)須加強統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)協(xie)(xie)(xie)調(diao)和(he)部門協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)。重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)，國家統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)安排(pai)，全(quan)(quan)國各地大批(pi)管理人員和(he)技術工(gong)(gong)人成建(jian)(jian)制前來甘肅(su)參加建(jian)(jian)設。省委(wei)、省政府調(diao)動全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)的財力(li)、物(wu)力(li)、人力(li)，全(quan)(quan)力(li)投(tou)入重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設。各級計(ji)劃(hua)委(wei)員會(hui)發揮(hui)了統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)安排(pai)、綜合協(xie)(xie)(xie)調(diao)、平衡國民經濟各主要(yao)部門和(he)重大比例關系等(deng)職(zhi)能作(zuo)(zuo)用。各經濟部門、各企(qi)業團結協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)，相互支(zhi)援。這種上下(xia)一心、統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)協(xie)(xie)(xie)調(diao)和(he)部門協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)的精神，保(bao)證了重點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程和(he)“一五”計(ji)劃(hua)各項目標的順利實現。新時(shi)代，甘肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業的快速崛起，也需要(yao)加強計(ji)劃(hua)調(diao)度(du)和(he)部門之間的協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)配(pei)合。要(yao)牢(lao)固(gu)樹(shu)立全(quan)(quan)省“一盤棋”觀念，各相關部門通力(li)協(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)，全(quan)(quan)力(li)配(pei)合，共同促進工(gong)(gong)業大發展(zhan)。要(yao)深入推進“營(ying)商環境優化年”活動，加快推進“放管服”改革(ge)，全(quan)(quan)力(li)打造“政策最優、成本最低、服務(wu)最好、辦事最快”的“四最”營(ying)商環境，為掀起新一輪(lun)工(gong)(gong)業發展(zhan)高潮創造條件。要(yao)大力(li)發揚艱苦(ku)奮斗(dou)精神，主要(yao)依靠自己的力(li)量，同時(shi)爭取(qu)國家政策項目扶持(chi)，努力(li)把甘肅(su)工(gong)(gong)業“蛋糕(gao)”做(zuo)(zuo)大、做(zuo)(zuo)強、做(zuo)(zuo)優。

　　回首(shou)過去(qu)，我們不忘曾經(jing)的輝煌(huang)。放眼未來，我們更(geng)(geng)加滿懷希望。甘肅工(gong)業(ye)已經(jing)走(zou)出(chu)了一條從重工(gong)業(ye)到新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)化，從科(ke)技創新(xin)到培育工(gong)業(ye)“新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)”，從“重要工(gong)業(ye)基地(di)”到“西(xi)部(bu)工(gong)業(ye)的核(he)心(xin)”，從智能(neng)制造到綠色(se)崛(jue)起的特(te)色(se)鮮明的工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)展之(zhi)路。相信經(jing)過全省上下(xia)的共(gong)同(tong)努力(li)，甘肅工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)展的新(xin)高(gao)潮必將(jiang)(jiang)到來，社會主義現代化甘肅實踐必將(jiang)(jiang)綻放更(geng)(geng)加絢麗的光芒。

　　（作者單位：中共甘肅(su)省委黨(dang)史(shi)研究室）