原標題：歷史新(xin)知(zhi)|孔子為什么只活了73歲

　　按中國文化來講，圣(sheng)人(ren)都是要長壽的，莊子(zi)(zi)活了(le)83歲(sui)，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)活了(le)84歲(sui)，墨子(zi)(zi)活了(le)92歲(sui)，為什么(me)孔子(zi)(zi)才(cai)活了(le)73歲(sui)呢？

　　這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)第(di)一(yi)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)最喜(xi)歡的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顏(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)只(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)了(le)32歲(sui)(sui)，在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)71歲(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)時候(hou)死(si)(si)了(le)，這(zhe)件(jian)事對孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)打(da)擊(ji)非常大(da)(da)。魯哀公曾(ceng)問孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，你(ni)的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)里(li)面(mian)哪一(yi)個(ge)最好(hao)(hao)學(xue)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：“有(you)(you)顏(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)者(zhe)好(hao)(hao)學(xue)，不(bu)(bu)幸短命死(si)(si)矣(yi)，今也(ye)則無。”因為(wei)顏(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)是(shi)(shi)傳孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，顏(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)之死(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)道(dao)之不(bu)(bu)傳也(ye)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)對孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)大(da)(da)打(da)擊(ji)，圣人(ren)(ren)憂道(dao)。第(di)二，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)晚年“西狩獲麟”。有(you)(you)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在家里(li)坐(zuo)著，他(ta)的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)路風風火火跑(pao)(pao)(pao)來告(gao)訴他(ta)，魯國(guo)的(de)(de)郊外出現一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)麒(qi)麟，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)高興得手舞足蹈，就跑(pao)(pao)(pao)去(qu)看，結果還(huan)沒到那個(ge)地方(fang)，又有(you)(you)學(xue)生跑(pao)(pao)(pao)來告(gao)訴他(ta)，麒(qi)麟被獵人(ren)(ren)打(da)死(si)(si)了(le)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)下(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)從馬上跌下(xia)來，號啕大(da)(da)哭，七(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)七(qi)夜不(bu)(bu)省(sheng)人(ren)(ren)事。等(deng)到睜開眼睛，他(ta)第(di)一(yi)句話又問麒(qi)麟，弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)們不(bu)(bu)理解這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么(me)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)解釋道(dao)，麒(qi)麟的(de)(de)出現是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)太(tai)平盛世的(de)(de)征兆，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)有(you)(you)太(tai)平盛世才有(you)(you)麒(qi)麟出現。可是(shi)(shi)麒(qi)麟剛剛出現，就被打(da)死(si)(si)了(le)，太(tai)平盛世還(huan)沒到來就被扼殺在搖籃里(li)了(le)。這(zhe)一(yi)次孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)受(shou)了(le)深(shen)深(shen)的(de)(de)打(da)擊(ji)。圣人(ren)(ren)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)蒼生憂，這(zhe)兩次打(da)擊(ji)，縮短了(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)壽命，他(ta)只(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)了(le)73歲(sui)(sui)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)去(qu)世的(de)(de)時候(hou)，他(ta)的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紛紛在他(ta)的(de)(de)墳(fen)前修茅廬(lu)，為(wei)他(ta)守靈(ling)3年。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)晚年有(you)(you)個(ge)最喜(xi)歡的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貢，為(wei)他(ta)守靈(ling)6年，足見(jian)圣賢的(de)(de)師(shi)生情誼(yi)。