黨紀政務(wu)處分(fen)（含任免機關(guan)單位(wei)給予(yu)的(de)處分(fen)，下同）相互匹(pi)(pi)配是紀檢(jian)監(jian)察機關(guan)執紀執法的(de)一條(tiao)重要(yao)原則。根據相關(guan)要(yao)求，給予(yu)黨紀政務(wu)重處分(fen)應(ying)當注意相互匹(pi)(pi)配，需要(yao)同時給予(yu)黨紀政務(wu)輕處分(fen)的(de)也(ye)應(ying)當注意相互匹(pi)(pi)配。筆者認為，黨紀處分(fen)與(yu)政務(wu)處分(fen)匹(pi)(pi)配要(yao)注意把握以下幾個(ge)方(fang)面。

　　事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)上注(zhu)意(yi)匹(pi)(pi)配。無論(lun)違(wei)紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)，還是(shi)違(wei)法事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)，本質(zhi)上都是(shi)對行(xing)為的(de)紀(ji)法評價，因此(ci)無論(lun)依據黨(dang)紀(ji)或是(shi)政(zheng)務法規認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)，理論(lun)上都應當是(shi)一致的(de)，只不(bu)過認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)的(de)主體(ti)、依據、程序不(bu)同而已。實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)，對個別(bie)案(an)件，特別(bie)是(shi)黨(dang)組織關(guan)系和(he)干部管理權限(xian)相(xiang)分(fen)離的(de)案(an)件，在(zai)分(fen)別(bie)審查和(he)調(diao)(diao)查中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)統籌考慮(lv)查清(qing)作出黨(dang)紀(ji)處分(fen)與(yu)政(zheng)務處分(fen)依據的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)、情(qing)(qing)節(jie)。如，對特定(ding)(ding)主體(ti)實(shi)施的(de)同一行(xing)為，由(you)于黨(dang)紀(ji)政(zheng)務處分(fen)適用的(de)具體(ti)條文(wen)不(bu)同，有(you)的(de)處分(fen)條文(wen)只規定(ding)(ding)了(le)開除這一個處分(fen)檔次，且并(bing)未要(yao)求(qiu)具有(you)“情(qing)(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”情(qing)(qing)節(jie)，而對應的(de)處分(fen)條文(wen)則(ze)規定(ding)(ding)了(le)“造成惡劣(lie)影響或重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大損失”“情(qing)(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”等(deng)情(qing)(qing)節(jie)要(yao)求(qiu)，有(you)的(de)處分(fen)條文(wen)明確規定(ding)(ding)必須“情(qing)(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”才能開除，如果在(zai)調(diao)(diao)查職(zhi)務違(wei)法中(zhong)(zhong)未調(diao)(diao)取證(zheng)明行(xing)為情(qing)(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)程度(du)的(de)證(zheng)據，可(ke)能造成在(zai)匹(pi)(pi)配黨(dang)紀(ji)處分(fen)時缺乏認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)情(qing)(qing)節(jie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)證(zheng)據。因此(ci)，實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)應注(zhu)意(yi)相(xiang)關(guan)情(qing)(qing)節(jie)證(zheng)據的(de)收集與(yu)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)。

　　行為(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性上(shang)(shang)注意匹配。黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)與(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)對(dui)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)被處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)人(ren)的同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)性質認定(ding)(ding)(ding)原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致，避免(mian)對(dui)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)現不(bu)同(tong)(tong)評價(jia)。黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)條(tiao)例(li)將(jiang)違(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)、組(zu)織紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)、廉潔(jie)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)、群眾紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)、工(gong)作紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)、生活(huo)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)六(liu)大(da)(da)類(lei)型。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)將(jiang)公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)違(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)致分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)、違(wei)(wei)(wei)反組(zu)織要(yao)求(qiu)、違(wei)(wei)(wei)反廉潔(jie)要(yao)求(qiu)、損害(hai)群眾利益(yi)、違(wei)(wei)(wei)反工(gong)作要(yao)求(qiu)、違(wei)(wei)(wei)反公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)道德要(yao)求(qiu)六(liu)大(da)(da)類(lei)，建立(li)了與(yu)(yu)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)相(xiang)貫通的政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)制度，對(dui)發揮黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和法(fa)(fa)律(lv)的協同(tong)(tong)作用具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意義。“六(liu)大(da)(da)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)”與(yu)(yu)“六(liu)大(da)(da)要(yao)求(qiu)”覆蓋(gai)范圍基(ji)本一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致，但在具(ju)體情(qing)(qing)(qing)形上(shang)(shang)不(bu)能完(wan)全(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)應，實踐(jian)中應注意把(ba)握。比(bi)如(ru)，黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)領導干部甲某參(can)加迷信活(huo)動(dong)，依(yi)照黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)屬于(yu)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)；但依(yi)照政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)則(ze)屬于(yu)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)道德要(yao)求(qiu)。如(ru)果(guo)需要(yao)同(tong)(tong)時給予黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)保(bao)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)與(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)順暢銜(xian)接，可在政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)書中將(jiang)甲某參(can)加迷信活(huo)動(dong)問(wen)題在“違(wei)(wei)(wei)反政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)”部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)予以表(biao)述，以實現黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)與(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)對(dui)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)性質認定(ding)(ding)(ding)的相(xiang)互匹配。此外(wai)，對(dui)個別行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，依(yi)據黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)條(tiao)例(li)可認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，但政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)從重(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)情(qing)(qing)(qing)節或(huo)者依(yi)據政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)不(bu)宜認定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)的，可在政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)書中分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別作為(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)或(huo)者酌定(ding)(ding)(ding)情(qing)(qing)(qing)節表(biao)述。比(bi)如(ru)，黨(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)乙(yi)某對(dui)抗組(zu)織審查，依(yi)據黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)屬于(yu)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)，但政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)則(ze)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)從重(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)情(qing)(qing)(qing)節。

　　處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)檔次(ci)上注意匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)。“六大(da)(da)(da)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)律(lv)”與(yu)“六大(da)(da)(da)要(yao)求”不(bu)(bu)但行(xing)為(wei)類型大(da)(da)(da)致相(xiang)同，而(er)且(qie)每種行(xing)為(wei)量紀(ji)(ji)(ji)幅度也大(da)(da)(da)體相(xiang)當。按照相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求，對于受到撤(che)銷黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)職務、留黨(dang)(dang)察看、開除(chu)黨(dang)(dang)籍(ji)等(deng)黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應當匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用撤(che)職、開除(chu)等(deng)政務重(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)；對于受到開除(chu)公(gong)職處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應當匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用開除(chu)黨(dang)(dang)籍(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)。換言之(zhi)，撤(che)銷黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)職務、留黨(dang)(dang)察看處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)政務撤(che)職處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)與(yu)開除(chu)公(gong)職處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用；開除(chu)黨(dang)(dang)籍(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)既可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)政務撤(che)職處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用，也可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)開除(chu)公(gong)職處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)適(shi)(shi)用。根(gen)據相(xiang)關(guan)規定(ding)，黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)政務處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)相(xiang)互匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)限(xian)于重(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)，輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)可(ke)(ke)以單獨給(gei)(gei)予。實踐中，擬給(gei)(gei)予黨(dang)(dang)員、干部以及監察對象輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)，是適(shi)(shi)用黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)還是政務輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)，應當根(gen)據行(xing)為(wei)人身(shen)份、行(xing)為(wei)特(te)征等(deng)情形綜合判斷(duan)。比如，對于黨(dang)(dang)員領導(dao)干部在(zai)行(xing)政管(guan)理(li)工作中發生的(de)(de)違法行(xing)為(wei)，可(ke)(ke)以單獨給(gei)(gei)予政務輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)。需要(yao)同時(shi)給(gei)(gei)予黨(dang)(dang)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)政務輕(qing)(qing)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)，也要(yao)注意在(zai)事實認定(ding)、行(xing)為(wei)定(ding)性(xing)、處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)檔次(ci)上基(ji)本(ben)保持一(yi)(yi)(yi)致。按照相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求，黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)警(jing)告一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)政務記過，黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)警(jing)告一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)政務記大(da)(da)(da)過或者(zhe)降級處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)分(fen)(fen)。

　　處理程序上注意銜接。在黨紀政務處分匹配適用過程中，還要注重處理程序的統籌銜接。一是加強信息溝通對接。根據紀委工作條例第三十一條規定，黨員、干部有嚴重違紀問題，或者嚴重違紀并構成嚴重職務違法的，按照規定給予撤銷黨內職務、留黨察看、開除黨籍處分，同時建議依法給予撤職、開除公職等處理。這里的建議既是職權也是職責。黨組織關系和干部管理權限相分離的處分案件，如果不涉及犯罪問題，其審查調查主體、審理主體、給予處分的主體、辦案程序、處理時間往往均不相同，需要及時溝通對接，確保處理到位。二是做好立案核實工作。根據黨紀處分條例第三十三條規定，黨員依法受到政務處分、行政處罰，應當追究黨紀責任的，黨組織應當核實后依照規定給予相應的黨紀處分或者組織處理。核實，意味著依規依紀依法收集主客觀證據，意味著對政務處分認定的事實、性質、情節不能簡單照搬。實踐中，對于黨組織關系和干部管理權限相分離的處分案件，有權給予黨紀處分的黨組織和有權給予政務處分的機關單位沒有隸屬關系，如果核實發現處分決定在事實認定、行為定性或者處分檔次上明顯不當的，可以報共同的上級機關或黨組織按相關規定處理。三是黨紀政務處分匹配適用的案件，處分決定的變更或者撤銷需注意匹配。對于被處分人申訴或申請復審復核的，如果復議復查或者復審復核機關認為處分決定確有錯誤需要糾正的，應當將前期給予的處分與后來匹配的處分一并考慮，防止出現處分不匹配的情況。（作者： 王昌奎 柯艾 ）