【內容提要】

　　實踐(jian)中，對(dui)國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)作人員(yuan)通過(guo)非國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)作人員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)請(qing)托人辦(ban)事(shi)并收受(shou)財(cai)物(wu)的情形(xing)，能否認(ren)定國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)作人員(yuan)構(gou)成受(shou)賄(hui)存在不(bu)同認(ren)識。筆者認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，在辦(ban)理(li)此類案件時，要(yao)緊扣受(shou)賄(hui)罪構(gou)成要(yao)件，準(zhun)確理(li)解“利(li)用(yong)職務上的便利(li)”，把(ba)握權(quan)錢(qian)交易本質特征，堅持主客觀相一(yi)致原(yuan)則，精準(zhun)認(ren)定處理(li)，防止放(fang)縱(zong)腐敗犯罪。

　　【基本案情】

　　趙(zhao)某(mou)(mou)，H省某(mou)(mou)國有C銀(yin)行副行長，負(fu)責私營企業在(zai)C銀(yin)行的貸款審批事宜。李某(mou)(mou)，H省A齒輪公(gong)司（民營企業，以下簡稱(cheng)A公(gong)司）實(shi)際控制人(ren)。崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)，H省B機(ji)械設備公(gong)司（民營企業，以下簡稱(cheng)B公(gong)司）法定代(dai)表人(ren)。

　　2021年3月(yue)至2023年5月(yue)，李(li)(li)某以A公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)名(ming)義向(xiang)(xiang)C銀(yin)行申請(qing)多筆貸款，趙某均審(shen)核同意(yi)。其間，趙某應其朋友崔某請(qing)托向(xiang)(xiang)李(li)(li)某打招(zhao)呼，使A公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)降低(di)對B公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)資質審(shen)核要求(qiu)，將(jiang)B公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)納入A公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)承合格供(gong)應商名(ming)單，并(bing)在(zai)趙某的(de)(de)要求(qiu)下，A公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)有其他更(geng)好(hao)(hao)供(gong)貨渠(qu)道的(de)(de)情況下，仍優先(xian)選擇(ze)B公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)向(xiang)(xiang)其供(gong)應軸(zhou)(zhou)承。崔某為感謝(xie)趙某幫(bang)助，先(xian)后送給趙某好(hao)(hao)處費(fei)共計60萬(wan)元。截(jie)至案發，除去正常經(jing)營支出，崔某承接A公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)承業務(wu)獲利200余(yu)萬(wan)元。

　　【分歧意見】

　　本案中，對趙某(mou)利用(yong)非國家工作人(ren)(ren)員李(li)某(mou)的行(xing)為為請(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)崔某(mou)謀取利益并收(shou)錢(qian)如何定性，存在兩種不同(tong)意見。

　　第(di)一(yi)(yi)種意(yi)見認(ren)為：由于李某(mou)(mou)系非國家工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員，趙(zhao)某(mou)(mou)利(li)(li)用(yong)李某(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)行(xing)為為請托人(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益，不(bu)屬于刑法(fa)第(di)三百(bai)八(ba)十五條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)一(yi)(yi)款（普通受賄）規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)“國家工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員利(li)(li)用(yong)職務上的(de)(de)便利(li)(li)”，也不(bu)屬于刑法(fa)第(di)三百(bai)八(ba)十八(ba)條(tiao)(tiao)（斡旋受賄）規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)“國家工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員利(li)(li)用(yong)本人(ren)(ren)職權或(huo)者地位形成的(de)(de)便利(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)件，通過其他國家工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員職務上的(de)(de)行(xing)為”，趙(zhao)某(mou)(mou)不(bu)構成受賄罪。

　　第二種意見認為(wei)(wei)(wei)：應(ying)從實(shi)質解(jie)釋(shi)角度理解(jie)刑法第三百八十五條(tiao)第一款規定的“利(li)(li)用職(zhi)務(wu)上的便利(li)(li)”，趙某在貸款業務(wu)審批方(fang)面對(dui)A公司形成職(zhi)務(wu)制約關系(xi)，趙某利(li)(li)用非國家工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)李某的行為(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)請(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益，是趙某自身職(zhi)務(wu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)帶來的現實(shi)約束力，本質上是趙某作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國家工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)公權力的體現，屬于(yu)利(li)(li)用職(zhi)務(wu)上的便利(li)(li)，趙某同時收受(shou)了(le)請(qing)托(tuo)人(ren)崔某的財物，其行為(wei)(wei)(wei)構成受(shou)賄罪。

　　【意見分析】

　　本案中，筆(bi)者(zhe)同意第(di)二種意見，具體分析(xi)如(ru)下。

　　受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)罪是(shi)指國家(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務上的(de)(de)(de)便利(li)(li)，索取(qu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)物，或(huo)者非法收受(shou)(shou)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)物，為(wei)(wei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)。從構成要(yao)件(jian)分析(xi)，國家(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)構成收受(shou)(shou)型普通(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)罪，需要(yao)具備三個基本要(yao)件(jian)，即利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務上的(de)(de)(de)便利(li)(li)、收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)物以及為(wei)(wei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)。在國家(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過非國家(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)請托人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)并收受(shou)(shou)其(qi)財(cai)物的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，已經具備了收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)物和為(wei)(wei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)兩個要(yao)件(jian)，關鍵是(shi)判(pan)斷(duan)是(shi)否符合利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務上的(de)(de)(de)便利(li)(li)這一要(yao)件(jian)。

　　一(yi)、通過(guo)具有職務(wu)制約關系的非國家工(gong)作(zuo)人員李(li)某的行為為請托人謀取(qu)利益，屬于(yu)“利用職務(wu)上的便(bian)利”

　　根據(ju)2003年《全(quan)國(guo)法(fa)院(yuan)審理經濟犯罪案(an)件工作座談會紀(ji)要》相(xiang)關規定(ding)，刑法(fa)第(di)三百八十五條(tiao)第(di)一款規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)“利(li)(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)”，既(ji)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)利(li)(li)用本人(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上主管、負責(ze)、承辦(ban)某項公共事務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，也(ye)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)利(li)(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上有隸屬、制約(yue)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)其他國(guo)家(jia)工作人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。擔任單位領導職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)工作人(ren)員通過不屬自(zi)己主管的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)級部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)工作人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)為(wei)他人(ren)謀取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)，應當認定(ding)為(wei)“利(li)(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)”為(wei)他人(ren)謀取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)。因此，刑法(fa)第(di)三百八十五條(tiao)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)“利(li)(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)”，既(ji)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)直接利(li)(li)用本人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，也(ye)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)間接利(li)(li)用本人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，其中后者包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)隸屬、制約(yue)和上下(xia)級關系(xi)。無論具體(ti)表現為(wei)何，最(zui)終都是在本人(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)由(you)本人(ren)實施為(wei)他人(ren)謀取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)。

　　對于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀取利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)并收(shou)受財物，能否認(ren)(ren)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)自身(shen)(shen)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)便(bian)利(li)(li)(li)，筆者認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，關(guan)鍵是(shi)(shi)看(kan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)對該非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)否具(ju)(ju)有制約關(guan)系(xi)，如果具(ju)(ju)有，也應當屬(shu)(shu)于利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)自身(shen)(shen)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)(li)，從而可(ke)以認(ren)(ren)定(ding)構成(cheng)受賄(hui)罪(zui)。具(ju)(ju)體而言，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在處理(li)公共事務(wu)(wu)(wu)時，有時會對非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)(ju)有職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約關(guan)系(xi)，在這種制約關(guan)系(xi)下，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制力(li)是(shi)(shi)單向、直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，足以影響(xiang)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)和(he)選擇自由，被利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支配下完成(cheng)受賄(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，應當認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自身(shen)(shen)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現實約束力(li)，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接或自然延伸(shen)，等(deng)同于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自己(ji)主管(guan)、負責、承辦某(mou)項公共事務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)，當然應認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)(li)”。這與擔任單位(wei)領導職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過不屬(shu)(shu)自己(ji)主管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下級(ji)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀取利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)是(shi)(shi)同樣(yang)性(xing)質，只(zhi)不過被利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對象(xiang)系(xi)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。從非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)角(jiao)度看(kan)，其(qi)業務(wu)(wu)(wu)開展(zhan)取決于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特定(ding)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)，從國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)角(jiao)度看(kan)，通(tong)過非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀取利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)，與通(tong)過不屬(shu)(shu)自己(ji)主管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下級(ji)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相比，其(qi)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約力(li)更(geng)強，更(geng)應認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了自身(shen)(shen)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)便(bian)利(li)(li)(li)。

　　二(er)、對(dui)職務制約(yue)關系的具體判(pan)斷

　　對(dui)于國家(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)員通過非國家(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)員為(wei)請托人(ren)謀利(li)的(de)行(xing)為(wei)，判斷是否(fou)屬于“利(li)用職務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)便利(li)”時，應以(yi)國家(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)員是否(fou)對(dui)受(shou)請托的(de)非國家(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)員具(ju)有(you)職務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)制約(yue)關系為(wei)實質(zhi)判斷標準，可以(yi)分為(wei)兩種(zhong)情形(xing)：

　　一(yi)是非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)有具體(ti)事項(xiang)正(zheng)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)職權范圍內。比如，非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)在參與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目招投標(biao)，需負責(ze)項(xiang)目的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)核(he)競標(biao)企業資質，由于非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)有具體(ti)辦(ban)理事項(xiang)正(zheng)求助于國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，需要(yao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在職務權限內審(shen)批，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)該非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)制約力非(fei)常(chang)強(qiang)，此時，該非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)提出的(de)要(yao)求會盡力去辦(ban)，否則將(jiang)承(cheng)擔(dan)對(dui)自身不利(li)的(de)后果(guo)。這種(zhong)情形下，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)職權對(dui)受請托的(de)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)制約、影響(xiang)程(cheng)度非(fei)常(chang)高，應認定(ding)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)自身職權的(de)直接或自然延伸。

　　二是(shi)非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雖然(ran)暫(zan)時(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)具(ju)體(ti)事(shi)項在(zai)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權范(fan)圍內(nei)，但(dan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)監督(du)、制約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系。2016年(nian)“兩高(gao)”《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于辦(ban)理(li)貪(tan)污(wu)賄(hui)賂刑事(shi)案件適用(yong)法律若干問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋》第十三(san)條第二款(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)，“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)索取(qu)、收(shou)受具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)級關(guan)(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)屬或者具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財物價(jia)值三(san)萬元(yuan)以上(shang)(shang)，可能(neng)(neng)影響(xiang)(xiang)職(zhi)權行(xing)(xing)使(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，視為承(cheng)諾(nuo)為他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)。”這里的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)通常是(shi)指政(zheng)(zheng)府管(guan)理(li)，比(bi)如，工(gong)商、稅(shui)務(wu)(wu)等(deng)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)部門(men)對(dui)(dui)私企老板的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)等(deng)。該款(kuan)是(shi)一種推定(ding)承(cheng)諾(nuo)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形(xing)(xing)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)將受賄(hui)犯罪(zui)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情往來等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)區(qu)分，將國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)收(shou)受被(bei)(bei)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財物價(jia)值三(san)萬元(yuan)以上(shang)(shang)，可能(neng)(neng)影響(xiang)(xiang)職(zhi)權行(xing)(xing)使(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形(xing)(xing)推定(ding)為承(cheng)諾(nuo)為他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)，進(jin)而認(ren)定(ding)為受賄(hui)罪(zui)。如果(guo)非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)暫(zan)時(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)具(ju)體(ti)事(shi)項在(zai)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權范(fan)圍內(nei)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通過該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為請托人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)取(qu)利(li)(li)益(yi)，判斷國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權對(dui)(dui)受請托的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)(yue)、影響(xiang)(xiang)程度(du)，能(neng)(neng)否達(da)到刑法意義上(shang)(shang)“利(li)(li)用(yong)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)”，可參照該款(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)精神處理(li)，即當國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系時(shi)，視為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)成強約(yue)(yue)束力。此(ci)外(wai)，筆者認(ren)為，有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)受請托的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雖然(ran)不(bu)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，但(dan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)主管(guan)、負責、承(cheng)辦(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某項公共(gong)事(shi)務(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)成監督(du)、制約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，同(tong)樣應認(ren)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)該非(fei)(fei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)(yue)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，屬于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“利(li)(li)用(yong)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利(li)(li)”。

　　本案中，李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)向(xiang)C銀行申請(qing)多筆貸款，均需趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)審核同(tong)意，此時，李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)為(wei)了順利獲得貸款，不(bu)得不(bu)降(jiang)低標準(zhun)幫助(zhu)崔(cui)(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B公(gong)(gong)司獲取(qu)向(xiang)A公(gong)(gong)司供(gong)應軸承的(de)(de)(de)(de)資格，并優先選擇B公(gong)(gong)司向(xiang)A公(gong)(gong)司供(gong)應軸承，從而滿足趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。在李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)與第三人崔(cui)(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)上，不(bu)是基于(yu)(yu)市(shi)場因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)通行做(zuo)法，雙方(fang)交易違背公(gong)(gong)平公(gong)(gong)正(zheng)原則。綜上，可以(yi)得出，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)對李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)具有(you)職(zhi)務(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約關系，其(qi)找李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)辦(ban)事(shi)，實際上是利用了其(qi)負(fu)責對私營企業貸款申請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審批(pi)這一公(gong)(gong)權(quan)力，李(li)(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)之所以(yi)按照(zhao)趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求為(wei)崔(cui)(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)提供(gong)幫助(zhu)，正(zheng)是由(you)于(yu)(yu)趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權(quan)因(yin)素發揮(hui)了關鍵作(zuo)用，因(yin)此，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)“利用職(zhi)務(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)利”。

　　三(san)、趙某的行為本質系(xi)權(quan)錢交(jiao)易，認定其構成受賄罪符合(he)罪刑法(fa)定原則

　　受(shou)賄罪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質是(shi)權(quan)錢(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)，本(ben)質上是(shi)請托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)財物(wu)收買國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公權(quan)力，利用職務上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利為他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀取利益(yi)與(yu)收受(shou)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財物(wu)之(zhi)間存(cun)在對(dui)價關(guan)系。新型腐(fu)敗(bai)和(he)(he)隱性(xing)腐(fu)敗(bai)之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)新和(he)(he)隱，主要是(shi)在權(quan)錢(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)上做(zuo)文章，以(yi)表面看似合法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式掩蓋(gai)權(quan)錢(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)本(ben)質，從而逃避刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)處罰(fa)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為請托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謀取利益(yi)并收受(shou)財物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為，實(shi)際上是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)先利用自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職權(quan)換取非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為請托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提供幫助(zhu)，再以(yi)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)換取請托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給予(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財物(wu)，在利益(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)換鏈(lian)條上雖有(you)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“中轉”，但實(shi)質上國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職權(quan)只(zhi)是(shi)在形(xing)(xing)式上通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)非(fei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行了延伸，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“權(quan)”與(yu)請托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給予(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“錢(qian)(qian)”之(zhi)間具(ju)有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯(lian)性(xing)和(he)(he)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)性(xing)，符合受(shou)賄罪權(quan)錢(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質特征，并且較之(zhi)傳統權(quan)錢(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)行為，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)職權(quan)干預民事(shi)(shi)主體(ti)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場行為，社會影響(xiang)更(geng)惡劣，危(wei)害性(xing)更(geng)嚴(yan)重，根據“舉輕以(yi)明(ming)(ming)重”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，更(geng)應納入刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)規(gui)制范疇。

　　本案中，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利(li)(li)用李某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)為(wei)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)與收(shou)受(shou)(shou)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)財(cai)物之(zhi)間具有內在因(yin)果聯(lian)系，完全符合權(quan)錢交易(yi)特(te)征(zheng)。首先，從(cong)主(zhu)觀(guan)認識(shi)看，就請托人(ren)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)看中的(de)(de)(de)是趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)手中的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權(quan)能為(wei)其(qi)(qi)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)，愿(yuan)意(yi)用賄(hui)賂換(huan)取趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力；就非國家工(gong)作人(ren)員李某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)之(zhi)所以愿(yuan)意(yi)違(wei)反公(gong)平原則為(wei)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)，實際是懾于(yu)趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)權(quan)，為(wei)了自己的(de)(de)(de)貸(dai)款審(shen)批能在趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)處獲(huo)得通過(guo)；就受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)人(ren)趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)言(yan)，其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)觀(guan)上具有收(shou)受(shou)(shou)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)財(cai)物的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)因(yin)素和意(yi)志(zhi)因(yin)素，能夠認識(shi)到這(zhe)(zhe)些財(cai)物是對(dui)自己利(li)(li)用職(zhi)務上的(de)(de)(de)便利(li)(li)為(wei)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)回報(bao)。其(qi)(qi)次，從(cong)客觀(guan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)看，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)充分利(li)(li)用了其(qi)(qi)職(zhi)務上的(de)(de)(de)便利(li)(li)，通過(guo)具有職(zhi)務上制約關系的(de)(de)(de)李某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，使崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)違(wei)背(bei)市(shi)場(chang)規則獲(huo)取了利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)。最后，從(cong)最終(zhong)結果看，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)通過(guo)李某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)幫助崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)獲(huo)得了較大利(li)(li)潤(run)，并基(ji)于(yu)該履職(zhi)事由收(shou)受(shou)(shou)崔(cui)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)財(cai)物，這(zhe)(zhe)兩個行(xing)(xing)為(wei)前后連貫、相繼銜接，二者之(zhi)間聯(lian)系緊密。綜上，趙(zhao)(zhao)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利(li)(li)用職(zhi)務上具有制約關系的(de)(de)(de)李某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)為(wei)請托人(ren)謀(mou)取利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)(yi)并收(shou)受(shou)(shou)財(cai)物構成受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)。

　　四、趙某的(de)(de)行為侵害了職務行為的(de)(de)廉(lian)潔性和不可(ke)收買性，具有懲治的(de)(de)必要(yao)性

　　法(fa)益是準確區分罪與(yu)非罪、此罪與(yu)彼罪的界限(xian)。公職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為具有廉潔性(xing)(xing)(xing)和不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)。不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)包含兩個方(fang)面：一是職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為本身的不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)，二(er)是公民對職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)的信賴(lai)。公民對職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)的信賴(lai)，使得公民對國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為保持信賴(lai)，從而(er)保證國(guo)家(jia)機關(guan)按照正常秩(zhi)序(xu)管(guan)理運轉。一旦國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為被收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買，公民將會對國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為持不(bu)(bu)信任(ren)態度，進而(er)對國(guo)家(jia)機關(guan)的管(guan)理秩(zhi)序(xu)產生(sheng)影響。國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為換取了請托人(ren)的財物(wu)，侵犯了受(shou)賄(hui)罪保護的法(fa)益，即職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為的廉潔性(xing)(xing)(xing)和不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)種行(xing)為的社會危害(hai)(hai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)表現在損害(hai)(hai)公民對國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及其職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)行(xing)為不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)買性(xing)(xing)(xing)的信賴(lai)，損害(hai)(hai)干群(qun)關(guan)系(xi)，敗壞國(guo)家(jia)機關(guan)聲譽(yu)。

　　本案中(zhong)，趙某(mou)作(zuo)為國家工作(zuo)人員，理應(ying)在(zai)自身職(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)范圍內正確履行職(zhi)(zhi)責，但(dan)面對崔(cui)某(mou)的(de)請托，其違規干(gan)預(yu)市(shi)場規則(ze)，以其職(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)使受其制約的(de)李某(mou)為崔(cui)某(mou)提供(gong)幫助，并據(ju)此(ci)收受崔(cui)某(mou)給予的(de)好(hao)處費，在(zai)此(ci)過程中(zhong)，趙某(mou)負責私營企業貸款審(shen)批的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)被財物收買(mai)，其職(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)行為的(de)廉潔性(xing)和不可(ke)收買(mai)性(xing)已經受到侵害，應(ying)以受賄罪予以懲治。

　　（羅澤旭 張(zhang)瑩瑩 作者單位：重(zhong)慶市(shi)紀(ji)委監委；重(zhong)慶市(shi)綦江區紀(ji)委監委）