黨的(de)十九大以(yi)來，紀律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、派駐(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、巡視(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)”全覆蓋總體(ti)格(ge)(ge)局逐步形成，監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)合力不斷增強，在黨和(he)國家監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)體(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)的(de)支(zhi)柱作(zuo)用日益彰顯(xian)。同(tong)時作(zuo)為一(yi)種(zhong)全新的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)格(ge)(ge)局，有人對“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)”內(nei)涵外延、邏輯關系(xi)把握不夠清(qing)晰(xi)，還存(cun)在一(yi)些模(mo)糊認(ren)識，認(ren)為“四項監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)”主(zhu)體(ti)不同(tong)，不在同(tong)一(yi)層面上，紀委監(jian)(jian)(jian)委合署辦公(gong)，紀律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)不存(cun)在統籌銜接、貫通(tong)協同(tong)問題等。

　　“四(si)(si)(si)項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”目(mu)標任務一致、職能職責(ze)互(hu)補，具有內在(zai)統(tong)(tong)一性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)高度協同(tong)性(xing)。“四(si)(si)(si)項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”本質上(shang)都是政(zheng)(zheng)治監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，擔負(fu)著“兩個維護(hu)”重大(da)政(zheng)(zheng)治任務，緊緊圍繞權力運行和(he)(he)(he)職責(ze)履行開展(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，確(que)(que)保(bao)黨(dang)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)民(min)賦予的(de)(de)權力正確(que)(que)行使，確(que)(que)保(bao)黨(dang)的(de)(de)路線(xian)方針政(zheng)(zheng)策貫徹落實，這是“四(si)(si)(si)項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”統(tong)(tong)籌銜接的(de)(de)前(qian)提基礎(chu)。“四(si)(si)(si)項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”主體(ti)客體(ti)重合、內容方式互(hu)補，都把黨(dang)員(yuan)領(ling)導干部這個“關鍵(jian)少數(shu)”特別(bie)是主要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)作為監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)重點，主要(yao)采取自上(shang)而(er)下監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)模式，綜合運用談心(xin)談話、詢問查詢、信訪舉報(bao)、聽取匯(hui)報(bao)、抽查核實、專項(xiang)檢查等多種監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)方式，實現對全(quan)體(ti)黨(dang)員(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)所有行使公權力人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)全(quan)覆蓋。“四(si)(si)(si)項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”主體(ti)主要(yao)是紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關，雖然巡(xun)視(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)主體(ti)是縣區以上(shang)黨(dang)組織(zhi)，但巡(xun)視(shi)機(ji)構(gou)設在(zai)同(tong)級紀委(wei)，巡(xun)視(shi)工作領(ling)導小組組長一般由同(tong)級紀委(wei)書記擔任，部分巡(xun)視(shi)工作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)來自紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關，為巡(xun)視(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)與紀律監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、派駐監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)貫通(tong)融合奠定(ding)了組織(zhi)基礎(chu)。

　　“四項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”各有側重(zhong)、各具優勢，具有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)功能互(hu)(hu)補(bu)性。紀(ji)律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)重(zhong)在加強(qiang)對(dui)全體黨(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)遵守(shou)(shou)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)紀(ji)律(lv)、組織紀(ji)律(lv)、廉潔紀(ji)律(lv)、群眾紀(ji)律(lv)、工(gong)作紀(ji)律(lv)、生活紀(ji)律(lv)等情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)重(zhong)在對(dui)所有行(xing)(xing)使公(gong)權(quan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)職人員(yuan)(yuan)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)職責(ze)、行(xing)(xing)使權(quan)力(li)等情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；派(pai)駐監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)是紀(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)，既(ji)有紀(ji)律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，又有相應的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)權(quan)，重(zhong)在對(dui)駐在部門黨(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)干(gan)(gan)部和公(gong)職人員(yuan)(yuan)遵紀(ji)守(shou)(shou)法、履(lv)(lv)職盡責(ze)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)；巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)是上級(ji)(ji)黨(dang)組織對(dui)下(xia)級(ji)(ji)黨(dang)組織堅持黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)領導、履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)職能責(ze)任情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。“四項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”方(fang)式多(duo)元、手(shou)段(duan)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)，黨(dang)章、黨(dang)內(nei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)條例等賦(fu)(fu)予紀(ji)委監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)執紀(ji)問(wen)責(ze)3項(xiang)職責(ze)、17種紀(ji)律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)手(shou)段(duan)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)法賦(fu)(fu)予監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)調(diao)查處(chu)置3項(xiang)職責(ze)、“12+3”種監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)方(fang)式；巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作條例賦(fu)(fu)予巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)“12+N”的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作方(fang)式，主要是發現問(wen)題、形成震懾，推動改革(ge)、促進發展，巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)不能履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)查調(diao)查權(quan)。“四項(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”既(ji)相互(hu)(hu)貫通融合、又相互(hu)(hu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)制衡，巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)把紀(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)責(ze)任情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)作為(wei)重(zhong)要內(nei)容，巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)機構(gou)、巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)(gan)部也(ye)(ye)要接受(shou)紀(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)，有效解決了(le)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)要受(shou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)”問(wen)題。

　　推(tui)進“四(si)項監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)”統籌銜接、貫通協(xie)同，關(guan)鍵是要健全完(wan)(wan)善(shan)相(xiang)應的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。要進一步(bu)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)情況(kuang)通報、溝(gou)通協(xie)調(diao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)信息(xi)共享共用(yong)；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)人員選派、隊伍共建機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)力量統籌共管(guan)；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)責任分工、統籌銜接機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)職能互補互助；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)成果運用(yong)、督(du)(du)促整改機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)成果共用(yong)共享，推(tui)動(dong)從有形覆蓋到(dao)有效監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)提(ti)升，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)“1+1+1+1＞4”的(de)聚變反應，推(tui)動(dong)構建以黨內監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)為(wei)主導，各類監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)貫通、相(xiang)互協(xie)調(diao)的(de)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)體系。（本文刊登于《中國紀(ji)檢監(jian)(jian)察(cha)報》2021年(nian)1月14日理論周刊第(di)6版）