實踐中，存在國(guo)家工作人(ren)員利用職務便利為他人(ren)謀取利益之后，讓特定(ding)關系(xi)(xi)人(ren)出面接收(shou)、保管受賄款的情況(kuang)，對于特定(ding)關系(xi)(xi)人(ren)如何(he)定(ding)性處(chu)置，值得思考(kao)。

　　有這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)起案(an)例。陳(chen)某(mou)，某(mou)市土(tu)(tu)地儲(chu)備中心(xin)副(fu)主任；王(wang)某(mou)，陳(chen)某(mou)女婿，A公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)（私(si)企）法定代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)。陳(chen)某(mou)在(zai)職期間(jian)(jian)利(li)用負責儲(chu)備土(tu)(tu)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)修復等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)工作的(de)(de)職務(wu)便利(li)，為B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)（私(si)企）承接(jie)(jie)污染(ran)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)治理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)提供幫助(zhu)。B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實際控(kong)制(zhi)人(ren)多次對陳(chen)某(mou)提出要表(biao)示感謝，陳(chen)某(mou)同意(yi)。后(hou)(hou)陳(chen)某(mou)對王(wang)某(mou)提出，其(qi)幫助(zhu)B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)承接(jie)(jie)了(le)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實際控(kong)制(zhi)人(ren)欲送(song)好(hao)處，他想把這(zhe)(zhe)些好(hao)處給予女兒女婿，王(wang)某(mou)同意(yi)，二人(ren)隨后(hou)(hou)商定了(le)接(jie)(jie)受好(hao)處費(fei)的(de)(de)計(ji)劃。在(zai)陳(chen)某(mou)授意(yi)下，由王(wang)某(mou)出面(mian)(mian)，通過其(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)A公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)與B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)虛假合(he)同、虛假股權投(tou)資協議等方(fang)式接(jie)(jie)受好(hao)處費(fei)，2017年至2022年，共非法收受B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實際控(kong)制(zhi)人(ren)所送(song)1700余萬元。經查明，王(wang)某(mou)未參與陳(chen)某(mou)與B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)請托及謀利(li)事項(xiang)(xiang)，但明知上述(shu)1700余萬元系陳(chen)某(mou)在(zai)污染(ran)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)治理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)上為B公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)提供幫助(zhu)后(hou)(hou)收受的(de)(de)好(hao)處費(fei)。

　　本案(an)中，陳某(mou)的行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)構成受(shou)賄(hui)罪毋庸置疑。陳某(mou)利(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)務上的便(bian)利(li)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)B公(gong)(gong)司在(zai)承接污染土壤治理(li)項(xiang)目(mu)中提供幫(bang)助(zhu)，后(hou)又(you)授意(yi)B公(gong)(gong)司及(ji)王某(mou)以虛假合同、虛假股權投(tou)資等虛假的市場行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，進(jin)行(xing)利(li)益輸(shu)送(song)，符(fu)合“兩(liang)高”《關(guan)于(yu)辦理(li)受(shou)賄(hui)刑事案(an)件適用法律若干(gan)問題的意(yi)見》規定(ding)的“國家工作人(ren)(ren)員利(li)用職(zhi)(zhi)務上的便(bian)利(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)請托人(ren)(ren)謀取利(li)益，授意(yi)請托人(ren)(ren)以本意(yi)見所列形式，將有關(guan)財物(wu)給予特(te)定(ding)關(guan)系人(ren)(ren)的”情形，應以受(shou)賄(hui)論處。但對于(yu)王某(mou)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)的性質認定(ding)，存在(zai)兩(liang)種觀點(dian)。

　　第一種(zhong)觀點(dian)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，特定(ding)關(guan)系人(ren)(ren)構(gou)成共(gong)同(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提是要(yao)與(yu)國(guo)家工作人(ren)(ren)員具(ju)有(you)通謀(mou)，而認(ren)定(ding)通謀(mou)需(xu)特定(ding)關(guan)系人(ren)(ren)具(ju)有(you)轉(zhuan)請(qing)托(tuo)(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，本案中，王(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)并未參與(yu)請(qing)托(tuo)(tuo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)托(tuo)(tuo)及陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)幫助謀(mou)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，因此達不(bu)(bu)到共(gong)同(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)通謀(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，王(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)不(bu)(bu)構(gou)成共(gong)同(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)，但王(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)明知(zhi)錢款系B公司支付給陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)賂(lu)款，仍通過(guo)其控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A公司與(yu)B公司簽訂虛(xu)假合同(tong)、虛(xu)假股(gu)權投資協議等方式接收受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款并保(bao)管，隱瞞錢款性質，根據刑法第一百九十一條規定(ding)，其行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)構(gou)成洗錢罪。第二種(zhong)觀點(dian)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，王(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)與(yu)陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)就接收、保(bao)管受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)通謀(mou)，二人(ren)(ren)基于共(gong)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)故(gu)意(yi)共(gong)同(tong)實施犯罪行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，應當認(ren)定(ding)王(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)與(yu)陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)構(gou)成共(gong)同(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)，犯罪數額為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1700余萬元。筆者同(tong)意(yi)第二種(zhong)觀點(dian)。

　　首先，王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)合洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)要(yao)件。第(di)一(yi)，從(cong)主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)故(gu)(gu)意(yi)來(lai)看(kan)，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)故(gu)(gu)意(yi)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)掩(yan)飾(shi)、隱(yin)瞞(man)貪污賄(hui)(hui)(hui)賂等七種上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)所得(de)及其(qi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源和性(xing)質，除自洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)以(yi)外，行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)本身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備實(shi)施上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。本案(an)中(zhong)，王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)故(gu)(gu)意(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)單純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掩(yan)飾(shi)、隱(yin)瞞(man)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)所得(de)，而是(shi)(shi)與陳某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)共同接(jie)收、占有(you)、使(shi)用(yong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款(kuan)，有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)故(gu)(gu)意(yi)，這(zhe)點(dian)也得(de)到了陳某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印證，陳某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)想(xiang)將該部(bu)分(fen)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款(kuan)贈予女(nv)(nv)兒女(nv)(nv)婿，因(yin)此(ci)才(cai)讓(rang)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)出(chu)面(mian)接(jie)收受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款(kuan)并長期保管使(shi)用(yong)，因(yin)此(ci)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)超出(chu)了洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)件。第(di)二(er)，從(cong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施階段來(lai)看(kan)，參照最高人(ren)民檢察(cha)院發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢察(cha)機關懲治洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)典型案(an)例中(zhong)馬某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)益受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)、洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)案(an)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點(dian)，“洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)完(wan)成(cheng)、取得(de)或控制犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)所得(de)及其(qi)收益后實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)活動(dong)，與上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)分(fen)別(bie)具(ju)有(you)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)。在(zai)上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)提供資金賬戶、協(xie)助轉(zhuan)賬匯款(kuan)等幫助上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，應當認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)(you)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共犯(fan)(fan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能認(ren)定(ding)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)”。本案(an)中(zhong)，在(zai)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)介入(ru)收受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)款(kuan)前，陳某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并沒(mei)有(you)完(wan)成(cheng)，正是(shi)(shi)由(you)于王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介入(ru)，才(cai)使(shi)得(de)陳某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)，因(yin)此(ci)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)合洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)客觀(guan)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)件。綜(zong)上(shang)(shang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜認(ren)定(ding)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)構成(cheng)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)罪(zui)(zui)。

　　其次，王某與陳某之間就(jiu)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)行為(wei)(wei)具有(you)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，構成(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)。從國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)與特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關(guan)系(xi)人(ren)(ren)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生節點(dian)來看(kan)，可以是(shi)事(shi)前通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，也(ye)可以是(shi)事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)。所(suo)謂事(shi)前通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，是(shi)指雙方對(dui)請托(tuo)事(shi)項、謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利情(qing)況、財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)收受(shou)(shou)都有(you)溝通(tong)(tong)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)第一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)觀點(dian)對(dui)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)標準。所(suo)謂事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，是(shi)指特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關(guan)系(xi)人(ren)(ren)未(wei)進行轉請托(tuo)，對(dui)具體謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利情(qing)況也(ye)不清楚(chu)，但在(zai)收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)時與國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有(you)溝通(tong)(tong)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)，對(dui)收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質系(xi)賄(hui)款明(ming)知(zhi)。司法實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，也(ye)認(ren)(ren)同(tong)(tong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準，如(ru)《刑事(shi)審判參考》第1143號羅菲受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)案裁判理由認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)，“這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)‘通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)’指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)雙方對(dui)于受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)故(gu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)、溝通(tong)(tong)。從‘通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)’發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)時段上看(kan)，既包括事(shi)先通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，也(ye)包括事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，即雖然特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關(guan)系(xi)人(ren)(ren)與國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)事(shi)先未(wei)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)請托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利并收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)形(xing)成(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)犯意聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡(luo)，但其在(zai)對(dui)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)利用(yong)職務便利為(wei)(wei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實(shi)明(ming)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下仍代國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)收受(shou)(shou)財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)，應認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)與國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)具有(you)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)……需(xu)要指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，對(dui)于特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)關(guan)系(xi)人(ren)(ren)沒有(you)事(shi)先與國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)通(tong)(tong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)，僅是(shi)在(zai)請托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)給予國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)財(cai)(cai)物(wu)(wu)時在(zai)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般不宜認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)受(shou)(shou)賄(hui)罪(zui)共(gong)犯。”

　　本案中(zhong)，王某(mou)(mou)(mou)與(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)之間就(jiu)屬于事中(zhong)通(tong)(tong)謀，王某(mou)(mou)(mou)雖(sui)未(wei)有代(dai)請托人的(de)轉請托行為，但明知陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)利用職(zhi)權為B公司提(ti)供(gong)了幫助，B公司所送(song)財(cai)物系為了感謝陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)，仍在陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)授意下與(yu)B公司簽訂金額高達1700余萬(wan)元的(de)虛假(jia)合同(tong)、虛假(jia)股(gu)權投資(zi)協議，幫助陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)接(jie)收保(bao)管(guan)受賄款，王某(mou)(mou)(mou)在受賄款的(de)接(jie)收、保(bao)管(guan)過程中(zhong)，與(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)形成(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)受賄的(de)通(tong)(tong)謀，應當認定王某(mou)(mou)(mou)與(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)某(mou)(mou)(mou)構成(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)同(tong)受賄，受賄數額為1700余萬(wan)元。

　　（許曉東 作(zuo)者單位：江蘇(su)(su)省(sheng)蘇(su)(su)州市姑蘇(su)(su)區紀委監委）