作(zuo)者：侯迎華(hua)（華(hua)東政法大學(xue)副教授）

　　黃(huang)侃作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)國學大家(jia)，其《〈文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)〉札記(ji)》被譽為(wei)(wei)現代《文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)》研(yan)究的(de)(de)奠基之作(zuo)(zuo)。一(yi)般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)其重點(dian)是對(dui)劉勰《文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)》創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)論的(de)(de)理(li)論研(yan)究，對(dui)文(wen)體(ti)(ti)論涉(she)及較(jiao)少。因為(wei)(wei)《文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)》一(yi)共二十篇(pian)(pian)文(wen)體(ti)(ti)論，而《〈文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)〉札記(ji)》僅涉(she)及六篇(pian)(pian)。實際上在(zai)《宗經》篇(pian)(pian)和《總術(shu)》篇(pian)(pian)札記(ji)中，也論及了劉勰文(wen)體(ti)(ti)論的(de)(de)幾(ji)個問題。這(zhe)些材料(liao)卻未有人注意。于此(ci)我(wo)們對(dui)《〈文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)〉札記(ji)》折(zhe)射出黃(huang)侃的(de)(de)文(wen)體(ti)(ti)論予以探討。

　　第(di)(di)一，黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)心(xin)雕龍札(zha)記(ji)(ji)》明(ming)確文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)標準以(yi)表(biao)達(da)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)主，將(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)、論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、敷情(qing)(qing)(qing)、紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，開(kai)啟了(le)現(xian)(xian)代散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)觀念(nian)。其于(yu)(yu)“宗經(jing)”篇札(zha)記(ji)(ji)云：“論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)辭(ci)序(xu)，則(ze)(ze)易(yi)統(tong)其首——謂(wei)《系(xi)辭(ci)》《說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)卦(gua)》《序(xu)卦(gua)》諸篇為(wei)(wei)此數(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)之源(yuan)(yuan)。尋其實質(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)此類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)皆論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)之文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；詔(zhao)(zhao)策章(zhang)(zhang)奏(zou)，則(ze)(ze)書(shu)發(fa)其原——謂(wei)《書(shu)》之記(ji)(ji)言，非上(shang)告(gao)下，則(ze)(ze)下告(gao)上(shang)也。尋其實質(zhi)(zhi)，此類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)皆論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；賦頌歌贊，則(ze)(ze)詩(shi)立其本——謂(wei)《詩(shi)》為(wei)(wei)韻(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之總(zong)匯。尋其實質(zhi)(zhi)，此類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)皆敷情(qing)(qing)(qing)之文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；銘誄箴祝，則(ze)(ze)禮總(zong)其端——此亦韻(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，但以(yi)行禮所(suo)用，故屬《禮》；紀(ji)傳(chuan)移檄，則(ze)(ze)春秋為(wei)(wei)根——紀(ji)傳(chuan)乃紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，移檄亦論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耳”。這(zhe)里可(ke)以(yi)看到，黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)將(jiang)劉(liu)勰(xie)標舉的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，分(fen)為(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)、論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、敷情(qing)(qing)(qing)、紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)”類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似(si)于(yu)(yu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)理(li)(li)，黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)辭(ci)序(xu)像《系(xi)辭(ci)》《說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)卦(gua)》等(deng)《易(yi)經(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)，是(shi)(shi)解釋、說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)易(yi)經(jing)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)劉(liu)勰(xie)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)起源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)《易(yi)經(jing)》。論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)或說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)理(li)(li)兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)議(yi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)達(da)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，但以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)為(wei)(wei)主。第(di)(di)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)詔(zhao)(zhao)策章(zhang)(zhang)奏(zou)移檄都(dou)屬于(yu)(yu)“論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。“論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”并(bing)非黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)首創(chuang)，劉(liu)熙(xi)載《藝概·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)概》中就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)敘(xu)(xu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)提的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)：“西漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)無體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)備，……敘(xu)(xu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)司馬遷，論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)賈誼(yi)”，“敘(xu)(xu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要有(you)(you)(you)法(fa)，……論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要有(you)(you)(you)識”。所(suo)以(yi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同于(yu)(yu)紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要有(you)(you)(you)見識，在表(biao)達(da)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)上(shang)以(yi)議(yi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)為(wei)(wei)主。第(di)(di)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“敷情(qing)(qing)(qing)”類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似(si)于(yu)(yu)描(miao)寫(xie)和抒(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)，賦頌歌贊都(dou)是(shi)(shi)韻(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，從(cong)《詩(shi)經(jing)》里來，賦就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“敷”，有(you)(you)(you)鋪陳、展(zhan)開(kai)之意，相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)描(miao)寫(xie)，情(qing)(qing)(qing)指抒(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)。第(di)(di)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似(si)于(yu)(yu)敘(xu)(xu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，史書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)傳(chuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)給人(ren)物作傳(chuan)，屬于(yu)(yu)記(ji)(ji)敘(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)達(da)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)的(de)(de)(de)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，其實暗含了(le)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)、議(yi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、抒(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)、描(miao)寫(xie)、記(ji)(ji)敘(xu)(xu)五種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)(xian)代表(biao)達(da)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。現(xian)(xian)代散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)觀念(nian)興起后，賀玉(yu)波《小品文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)作法(fa)》將(jiang)小品文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)記(ji)(ji)敘(xu)(xu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、抒(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)理(li)(li)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)三(san)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)十二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)分(fen)法(fa)后來成為(wei)(wei)現(xian)(xian)代散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基礎分(fen)法(fa)。但追根究源(yuan)(yuan)，黃(huang)侃(kan)(kan)(kan)的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)、論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、敷情(qing)(qing)(qing)、紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四分(fen)法(fa)，可(ke)謂(wei)是(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)濫(lan)觴。

　　第(di)二，黃侃(kan)雖然贊(zan)同劉(liu)(liu)勰(xie)(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)可兼(jian)筆(bi)(bi)、合(he)(he)筆(bi)(bi)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)觀(guan)，但(dan)札記(ji)對《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)心雕龍》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)論(lun)(lun)部分論(lun)(lun)述較少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實，則是他區分文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)真實態(tai)度(du)體(ti)現。《札記(ji)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)《總術》篇(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)對劉(liu)(liu)勰(xie)(xie)以及六朝時的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)觀(guan)念給出了自己的(de)(de)(de)見解。一(yi)方(fang)面黃侃(kan)貼合(he)(he)劉(liu)(liu)勰(xie)(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)合(he)(he)于筆(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)原意，克服了阮(ruan)(ruan)、劉(liu)(liu)、章等人學(xue)說的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)頗之處(chu)。黃侃(kan)批(pi)評阮(ruan)(ruan)元《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)對》“無(wu)情辭(ci)藻(zao)韻者不得稱文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”過(guo)于嚴苛，把筆(bi)(bi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)許多名篇(pian)排(pai)斥在(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)，不足(zu)以解釋文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)發展史上的(de)(de)(de)各種復雜現象，認為(wei)“然彥和雖分文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)，而(er)二者并重(zhong)(zhong)，未嘗以筆(bi)(bi)非文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)遂屏棄之，故其書廣收(shou)眾體(ti)”，并舉例指明《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)心雕龍》一(yi)書并重(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)之辭(ci)，如“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)場筆(bi)(bi)苑，有(you)術有(you)門(men)”，“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藻(zao)條流，托在(zai)(zai)(zai)筆(bi)(bi)札”等，認為(wei)這都是“論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)與論(lun)(lun)筆(bi)(bi)相連，曷嘗屏筆(bi)(bi)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)外(wai)(wai)哉(zai)？”進而(er)認為(wei)“與其屏筆(bi)(bi)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)外(wai)(wai)，而(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)域狹隘(ai)，曷若合(he)(he)筆(bi)(bi)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)囿(you)恢宏？”由此(ci)，他提出文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)(bi)并重(zhong)(zhong)、合(he)(he)筆(bi)(bi)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點。

　　但另一方(fang)面，又承(cheng)認情辭藻韻“亦私心(xin)夙所(suo)喜(xi)好(hao)”，坦承(cheng)自己對敷情類純(chun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)好(hao)。這種(zhong)喜(xi)好(hao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現在(zai)黃(huang)侃論(lun)(lun)(lun)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)》的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)論(lun)(lun)(lun)僅選擇了(le)(le)《明詩》、《樂府(fu)》、《詮賦》、《頌贊》、《議對》、《書記》等六篇(pian)，其中有(you)韻之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)四篇(pian)。黃(huang)侃不予論(lun)(lun)(lun)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，首(shou)先看“筆”類，有(you)史傳、諸(zhu)子、論(lun)(lun)(lun)說(shuo)(shuo)、詔(zhao)策、檄移(yi)、封禪、章表(biao)、奏啟(qi)八篇(pian)，均是用(yong)于敘事、說(shuo)(shuo)理和(he)論(lun)(lun)(lun)事的(de)(de)(de)。對于劉(liu)勰(xie)歸(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)于“文(wen)(wen)(wen)”的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)，黃(huang)侃也有(you)不同意見，認為“彥和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)分文(wen)(wen)(wen)筆，實(shi)以押韻腳與否為斷，并無有(you)情采、聲韻為文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)意。”所(suo)以對劉(liu)勰(xie)歸(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)于“文(wen)(wen)(wen)”的(de)(de)(de)祝盟(meng)、銘箴、誄碑、哀吊等文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)也未論(lun)(lun)(lun)及(ji)。而事實(shi)上這些文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)我們(men)今(jin)天是歸(gui)(gui)入日常應用(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)。劉(liu)勰(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)論(lun)(lun)(lun)以公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)為主(zhu)，大部(bu)分文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)可歸(gui)(gui)于廣(guang)義的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)范疇。黃(huang)侃心(xin)中并不喜(xi)好(hao)這些公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，故而論(lun)(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)較少。可以說(shuo)(shuo)選擇即評價(jia)，這種(zhong)事實(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)選擇體(ti)(ti)(ti)現了(le)(le)黃(huang)侃對純(chun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)。現存黃(huang)侃著述中還有(you)不少詩詞(ci)作(zuo)品(pin)，也說(shuo)(shuo)明他對純(chun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)偏嗜(shi)。

　　第三，黃(huang)侃(kan)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)和(he)非文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)界(jie)限，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)簡單表現在(zai)(zai)寫作(zuo)手法和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體差(cha)異(yi)上，而(er)是(shi)(shi)體現在(zai)(zai)寫作(zuo)目的(de)上。首(shou)先(xian)，黃(huang)侃(kan)指出劉(liu)勰(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)有韻(yun)(yun)(yun)無(wu)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)、有情采(cai)(cai)(cai)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)否分(fen)(fen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)。“案(an)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)心》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)，兼(jian)賅眾(zhong)制，明(ming)其體裁(cai)，上下洽通，古(gu)今兼(jian)照。既不(bu)(bu)從(cong)范曄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，以(yi)有韻(yun)(yun)(yun)無(wu)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)分(fen)(fen)難易；亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)如梁元帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，以(yi)有情采(cai)(cai)(cai)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)否分(fen)(fen)工(gong)拙，斯所以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)籠圈條貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)。”同時黃(huang)侃(kan)在(zai)(zai)《頌贊》篇(pian)(pian)札記(ji)指出“韻(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)又一，《明(ming)詩》盡《諧(xie)隱(yin)》加以(yi)《封(feng)(feng)禪(chan)》一首(shou)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。”劉(liu)勰(xie)(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體論本(ben)來《明(ming)詩》到《諧(xie)隱(yin)》十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，《史傳》到《書(shu)記(ji)》十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)筆(bi)，黃(huang)侃(kan)發現《封(feng)(feng)禪(chan)》是(shi)(shi)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，但卻排列在(zai)(zai)后十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)筆(bi)的(de)行列，亦(yi)可作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)劉(liu)勰(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)有韻(yun)(yun)(yun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)否區分(fen)(fen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)的(de)證明(ming)。接著(zhu)，黃(huang)侃(kan)表明(ming)了(le)自己對于(yu)(yu)以(yi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)、辭采(cai)(cai)(cai)判(pan)分(fen)(fen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)的(de)看(kan)法，曰：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辨，繳(jiao)繞糾(jiu)纏，或從(cong)體裁(cai)分(fen)(fen)，則與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)論有時抵牾（永明(ming)以(yi)前雖詩賦(fu)有時不(bu)(bu)合聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)）。或從(cong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)(fen)，則與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體裁(cai)獲致參(can)差(cha)。（章表奏議在(zai)(zai)筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，非無(wu)高(gao)(gao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，封(feng)(feng)禪(chan)書(shu)記(ji)，或時用韻(yun)(yun)(yun)。）”認為(wei)(wei)(wei)詩賦(fu)等純文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)作(zuo)品也(ye)有不(bu)(bu)合聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處，章表、奏議、封(feng)(feng)禪(chan)、書(shu)記(ji)等屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)筆(bi)的(de)公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)作(zuo)品也(ye)有辭采(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)(gao)妙、合于(yu)(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)佳作(zuo)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)和(he)非文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)界(jie)限，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)否運(yun)用了(le)情采(cai)(cai)(cai)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)(lv)(lv)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)的(de)表現手法，而(er)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)作(zuo)品的(de)寫作(zuo)目的(de)，是(shi)(shi)用以(yi)敷情，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)用于(yu)(yu)論理、論事(shi)，“施(shi)用于(yu)(yu)世俗”。

　　綜上所述(shu)，黃侃重視屬(shu)于純文(wen)(wen)(wen)學類(lei)別的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)他區分文(wen)(wen)(wen)筆的(de)(de)(de)真實態度，打破了(le)傳統乃至現(xian)代人(ren)們仍糾結于“文(wen)(wen)(wen)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)”“文(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（應(ying)用(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)）”的(de)(de)(de)歸類(lei)觀念(nian)。聯系歷代而今的(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)事實，人(ren)們采用(yong)公文(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)寫(xie)出過《出師表》（諸(zhu)葛亮）、《北山移文(wen)(wen)(wen)》（孔稚圭）之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)，而采用(yong)詩(shi)詞(ci)之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)有(you)不(bu)少味同嚼蠟的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品。究其原因，就在于寫(xie)作(zuo)目的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異。總之，黃侃的(de)(de)(de)這些(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)觀念(nian)是我們論述(shu)其國學成就時(shi)不(bu)容忽視的(de)(de)(de)。

　　《光明日報》（ 2022年11月28日 13版）