《詩經圖》:一場跨時空的對話
作者(zhe):吳 寒(國家圖書館古(gu)籍(ji)館副研究館員)
《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)》作(zuo)(zuo)為六經(jing)之一,歷來(lai)備受尊崇(chong),對它(ta)的(de)圖(tu)像表(biao)現很早(zao)就(jiu)已經(jing)出(chu)現,目(mu)前所見較早(zao)的(de)記(ji)載是東(dong)漢(han)劉(liu)褒作(zuo)(zuo)《云(yun)漢(han)圖(tu)》《北風(feng)圖(tu)》,晉明帝司馬紹作(zuo)(zuo)《豳風(feng)七月圖(tu)》等。不過,歷史上的(de)《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)圖(tu)》大都以單幅或組(zu)圖(tu)為主(zhu),只有南宋(song)和(he)清(qing)代分別出(chu)現了兩種《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)全圖(tu)》,成為《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)圖(tu)》發展史上的(de)兩座高峰。南宋(song)時期,著名(ming)畫(hua)家馬和(he)之與宋(song)高宗、宋(song)孝宗合(he)作(zuo)(zuo),創作(zuo)(zuo)了305幅《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)圖(tu)》,成為藝苑佳話。時至清(qing)代,乾隆皇(huang)帝復刻了這一君臣合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)藝壇盛事,他親自書寫(xie)詩(shi)(shi)文并命畫(hua)師繪圖(tu),補足(zu)六首笙(sheng)詩(shi)(shi),歷時七年終于完成了311幅《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)圖(tu)》。
關于馬和之(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)生平有兩種說法(fa)(fa),周密《武(wu)林舊事》認(ren)為(wei)他(ta)是南宋御(yu)前畫(hua)(hua)院的(de)(de)首席畫(hua)(hua)師(shi),夏文(wen)彥《圖(tu)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)寶鑒》則記(ji)載他(ta)是錢塘人,高宗紹興(1131—1162年)間(jian)進士,官至工部侍郎。《詩經(jing)》篇章眾多(duo),要將三(san)百多(duo)首詩作(zuo)一一繪(hui)(hui)(hui)圖(tu),工作(zuo)量(liang)想(xiang)必(bi)不小,就連(lian)這(zhe)項(xiang)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)發(fa)起人宋高宗,也沒能(neng)等到《詩經(jing)全圖(tu)》的(de)(de)完成就去(qu)世了,若馬和之(zhi)(zhi)擔(dan)任位高權重的(de)(de)工部侍郎,恐怕沒有這(zhe)么多(duo)時間(jian)來(lai)進行如此龐大(da)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)創(chuang)作(zuo),所以馬和之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)御(yu)前畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)說似(si)乎更可(ke)信據。馬和之(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)畫(hua)(hua)風(feng)格師(shi)法(fa)(fa)吳(wu)道子(zi),用(yong)筆清峻飄逸,設(she)色沖淡古(gu)雅(ya),多(duo)用(yong)標志(zhi)性的(de)(de)“螞蟥(huang)描”。值(zhi)得(de)一提的(de)(de)是,除了《詩經(jing)圖(tu)》,馬和之(zhi)(zhi)還有《女孝經(jing)圖(tu)》等傳世,他(ta)在(zai)“成教(jiao)化,助人倫”的(de)(de)經(jing)典圖(tu)像創(chuang)作(zuo)領域(yu)有重要貢獻(xian)。
馬和(he)(he)之(zhi)身后(hou),這套《詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》散落人(ren)間,今天(tian)存世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)帙(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)不少被認為(wei)是同時期畫(hua)師或(huo)后(hou)世(shi)畫(hua)家(jia)之(zhi)仿作(zuo)(zuo),但無論如何,這些作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繪(hui)畫(hua)風格、表現(xian)(xian)方式(shi)趨于(yu)一(yi)致,說明它們(men)應(ying)(ying)該來自相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)本,能(neng)夠一(yi)定程度上反映馬和(he)(he)之(zhi)原作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面貌。《詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經》中(zhong)(zhong)不少作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主題是相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),要從詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)句中(zhong)(zhong)拈出(chu)一(yi)二(er)場景人(ren)物,以非常簡潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筆觸傳達詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)旨,是對畫(hua)家(jia)創作(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極大考驗(yan)。《七(qi)月圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》按照毛鄭闡(chan)釋(shi)線索,將七(qi)月流(liu)火、蠶桑(sang)、稼穡、宴飲等融于(yu)一(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu),人(ren)物形(xing)象纖毫畢現(xian)(xian),古風宛然,后(hou)世(shi)摹繪(hui)者(zhe)眾多。《東山圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》表現(xian)(xian)了一(yi)隊行(xing)役(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士兵,他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神情并非即(ji)將歸家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狂喜(xi),反而(er)透露出(chu)近鄉情怯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凝重(zhong),將觀者(zhe)帶(dai)入詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情緒。《月出(chu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》沒有(you)(you)直接描(miao)繪(hui)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)月色或(huo)美人(ren),而(er)是表現(xian)(xian)了遼闊蒼茫(mang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),一(yi)個登樓眺望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孤獨身影,詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孤寂苦悶躍(yue)然紙上,曲折(zhe)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)別有(you)(you)韻致。趙孟頫(fu)稱馬和(he)(he)之(zhi)“得風人(ren)之(zhi)旨”,盛贊其立意高古,準確(que)把握了詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神髓(sui),后(hou)人(ren)即(ji)使不看文(wen)字,僅(jin)從圖(tu)(tu)(tu)畫(hua)內容(rong)也(ye)能(neng)判(pan)斷(duan)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)主題:“夫(fu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存而(er)可(ke)名其圖(tu)(tu)(tu)者(zhe),非善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)善(shan)(shan)也(ye);詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亡而(er)可(ke)知(zhi)其圖(tu)(tu)(tu)者(zhe),真能(neng)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)也(ye)。此所以為(wei)和(he)(he)之(zhi)也(ye)。”
雖(sui)然關(guan)于馬和(he)(he)之繪制《詩經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)圖》的(de)(de)往事(shi)(shi),正史(shi)并未(wei)留下只言片(pian)語,但透(tou)過歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)煙塵,我(wo)們仍(reng)然可以(yi)猜測宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)此(ci)舉的(de)(de)用意(yi)。作為宋(song)室南(nan)(nan)渡后的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)位(wei)(wei)君主,宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)趙(zhao)構在位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)三十(shi)多年間,外(wai)有(you)(you)強(qiang)敵,內有(you)(you)動亂,要穩固南(nan)(nan)宋(song)的(de)(de)統(tong)治(zhi),除了軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)政治(zhi)上的(de)(de)舉措,文化(hua)建設也(ye)非(fei)常重要。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)非(fei)常重視經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)學(xue)(xue),他曾經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)手書(shu)九經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)并刻石,在當時(shi)掀(xian)起了書(shu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風潮,對于儒家經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典的(de)(de)推行起到了表率(lv)作用。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)雖(sui)然偏安一(yi)隅,仍(reng)不(bu)乏恢復(fu)之志,孝(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)朝(chao)曾多次(ci)北伐,孝(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)本(ben)人也(ye)非(fei)常重視儒學(xue)(xue),提出(chu)“以(yi)儒治(zhi)世”的(de)(de)主張。因此(ci)不(bu)少學(xue)(xue)者指出(chu),高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、孝(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)歷(li)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兩朝(chao)完成這(zhe)套《詩經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)圖》,或許(xu)也(ye)是這(zhe)些(xie)文化(hua)舉措中的(de)(de)一(yi)環。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)國祚能夠(gou)綿(mian)延一(yi)百多年,與這(zhe)些(xie)政權建立初(chu)期的(de)(de)文化(hua)政策(ce)是分不(bu)開的(de)(de)。明(ming)人郁(yu)逢慶(qing)曾言宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)“當時(shi)機暇(xia)清賞,游(you)意(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)史(shi),不(bu)徒博玩粉墨(mo)”。清人孫(sun)承澤《庚子(zi)銷(xiao)夏記(ji)》亦(yi)認為:“彼時(shi)戎馬倥傯,而能神閑氣定,雅意(yi)表章,跨有(you)(you)半壁百余年,非(fei)幸(xing)也(ye)。”
馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)》備受后人(ren)矚(zhu)目,藏(zang)家多以獲(huo)得一卷《毛詩(shi)圖(tu)(tu)》為(wei)(wei)幸事,明(ming)人(ren)馮夢禎《快雪堂日記(ji)》記(ji)錄其前往(wang)高濂(lian)齋中玩賞(shang)書畫(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,“馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《魯頌》《商頌》二卷最佳(jia)”,他對(dui)此圖(tu)(tu)思慕已久(jiu),因此“會心豁(huo)目,喜不可(ke)(ke)言”。明(ming)人(ren)張丑(chou)稱自己購得馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《風(feng)》《雅》八圖(tu)(tu),為(wei)(wei)宋末莊蓼塘(tang)舊藏(zang),“雖蕭(xiao)疏(shu)小(xiao)筆(bi),而(er)(er)理趣(qu)無涯(ya)”,他連夜秉燭觀賞(shang),“為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)夕不寐”。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)》亦激發了不少人(ren)的詩(shi)興,元人(ren)釋宗(zong)泐曾觀《揚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水圖(tu)(tu)》并(bing)作(zuo)詩(shi)曰:“馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)卿獨念(nian)宋中微,圖(tu)(tu)寫詩(shi)篇墨采輝。戍甫戍申都不及,西風(feng)淮岸鐵(tie)為(wei)(wei)衣。”明(ming)人(ren)張靖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)題(ti)《伐(fa)檀(tan)圖(tu)(tu)》:“后稷肇王(wang)業,豳(bin)風(feng)有(you)遺詞。相(xiang)彼千(qian)畝良,為(wei)(wei)我百度(du)資。”清人(ren)黃鉞(yue)題(ti)《詠荇花(hua)》:“欲倩馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),圖(tu)(tu)入關雎篇。”可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)由(you)詩(shi)而(er)(er)畫(hua)(hua),由(you)畫(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)詩(shi),形成(cheng)了有(you)趣(qu)的“再創(chuang)作(zuo)”傳統。
在(zai)馬和(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)畫(hua)作(zuo)的收藏(zang)(zang)(zang)上,乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)皇帝(di)是(shi)一(yi)個不(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)提的人物。他(ta)以(yi)帝(di)王身份完成了對(dui)當時存世的馬和(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》的全(quan)面整(zheng)理和(he)(he)(he)系統考訂。據吳振棫《養吉齋叢錄》記(ji)(ji)載(zai),乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)以(yi)積(ji)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)功收集了十(shi)七(qi)卷馬和(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》,他(ta)對(dui)這些圖(tu)(tu)(tu)逐一(yi)審定,查漏(lou)補缺,剔除五(wu)卷贗(yan)品(pin),保存十(shi)二(er)卷真跡,有圖(tu)(tu)(tu)無詩(shi)者(zhe)則親自補上,最終(zhong)將(jiang)這些作(zuo)品(pin)庋藏(zang)(zang)(zang)于(yu)景陽宮后(hou)殿學(xue)詩(shi)堂(tang)中(zhong)。乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)感(gan)慨,古詩(shi)三(san)千余篇,后(hou)世僅存十(shi)分之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),但馬和(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》能夠留(liu)存十(shi)分之(zhi)(zhi)三(san),“視尼山詩(shi)教所得(de)(de)參倍。其為愉快(kuai),豈直足資(zi)多(duo)識(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)助而(er)已哉”。之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)四十(shi)九年(nian)(1784年(nian))南巡(xun)途中(zhong)得(de)(de)到(dao)《周頌閔予小子之(zhi)(zhi)什圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》,乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)五(wu)十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1791年(nian))又得(de)(de)到(dao)《唐(tang)風圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》,學(xue)詩(shi)堂(tang)所藏(zang)(zang)(zang)總數升至十(shi)四卷。阮(ruan)元(yuan)《石渠寶笈》記(ji)(ji)載(zai),“學(xue)詩(shi)堂(tang)”“事理通達”“心氣和(he)(he)(he)平”三(san)枚(mei)璽印,即專用(yong)于(yu)學(xue)詩(shi)堂(tang)馬和(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)《詩(shi)經圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》。今天(tian),這些圖(tu)(tu)(tu)再度散(san)落(luo)海內外,但我(wo)們在(zai)各大博物館見(jian)到(dao)的作(zuo)品(pin)中(zhong),大多(duo)有乾(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)本人的印璽和(he)(he)(he)題跋,這些考訂文字(zi)為我(wo)們提供了非常重要的線索。
乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)不(bu)僅(jin)大力搜集馬和之(zhi)(zhi)《詩經(jing)圖(tu)》,還仿效高(gao)宗、孝(xiao)宗,重啟了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)藝壇盛事。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)四年(nian)(1739),二十八歲的(de)(de)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)命宮廷畫師仿照馬作繪(hui)(hui)制《詩經(jing)全圖(tu)》,存者臨摹,亡(wang)者補繪(hui)(hui),他(ta)本人則(ze)以(yi)楷(kai)書(shu)、隸書(shu)、行書(shu)等多種字體書(shu)寫詩文(wen)(wen),一(yi)(yi)直到乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)十年(nian)(1745)方才(cai)大功告成。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)皇帝曾(ceng)經(jing)自封“十全老人”,他(ta)對(dui)于“整全”有狂熱執(zhi)著(zhu)。《詩經(jing)》中“有目無辭”的(de)(de)六(liu)首(shou)(shou)笙詩,馬和之(zhi)(zhi)僅(jin)錄《詩序》并未繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu),而乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則(ze)補作了(le)六(liu)首(shou)(shou)詩作,并為(wei)它們一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu),透過此舉,我們不(bu)難窺探到乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)隱隱的(de)(de)爭勝(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)心。他(ta)并不(bu)甘于仰視已有的(de)(de)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng),而希(xi)望自己能創(chuang)造一(yi)(yi)座前所未有的(de)(de)新(xin)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)《御制學(xue)詩堂記》的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)句話(hua)為(wei)人們津津樂道:“夫高(gao)、孝(xiao)兩朝,偏(pian)安(an)江介,無恢復之(zhi)(zhi)志,其有愧《雅》《頌》大旨多矣(yi)。則(ze)所為(wei)繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu)書(shu)經(jing),亦不(bu)過以(yi)翰墨(mo)娛情而已,豈真能學(xue)詩者乎?”從白山黑(hei)水到入主中原,清代在(zai)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)時(shi)期已臻(zhen)鼎(ding)盛,國力強(qiang)大,疆域遼闊,因此乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)皇帝充滿自信地開展了(le)各類“集大成”式的(de)(de)古(gu)籍整理和文(wen)(wen)庫編纂工作,以(yi)此昭(zhao)示(shi)自身在(zai)文(wen)(wen)化上的(de)(de)合(he)法性與正(zheng)統性。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)認為(wei),以(yi)自己的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)治武功才(cai)擔得起創(chuang)作《詩經(jing)圖(tu)》這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)舉措(cuo),才(cai)是(shi)真正(zheng)領(ling)悟了(le)古(gu)人“緣辭以(yi)立(li)象,觀象以(yi)玩辭”的(de)(de)精神(shen),高(gao)宗、孝(xiao)宗雖為(wei)漢人政權卻偏(pian)安(an)一(yi)(yi)隅,他(ta)們繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu)書(shu)經(jing)的(de)(de)舉動不(bu)過是(shi)游戲(xi)筆墨(mo)罷(ba)了(le),哪里是(shi)真正(zheng)領(ling)悟了(le)《雅》《頌》之(zhi)(zhi)旨呢?
不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)今(jin)天看來,乾(qian)隆與群臣歷經七年完成(cheng)的(de)這套(tao)《御筆詩(shi)經圖(tu)》,在藝術(shu)成(cheng)就上(shang)難以(yi)(yi)與前人比肩(jian)。以(yi)(yi)繪畫(hua)水平論,馬(ma)(ma)作(zuo)筆法瀟灑流利,柔而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)弱,用(yong)筆豐富而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入流俗,堪為宋畫(hua)之精(jing)品(pin),乾(qian)隆《詩(shi)經圖(tu)》則遜色不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)。以(yi)(yi)構(gou)思立意論,馬(ma)(ma)作(zuo)亦(yi)更有丘壑。如乾(qian)隆《鴇(bao)(bao)羽圖(tu)》實(shi)寫詩(shi)中場景,描(miao)繪了(le)一隊征夫(fu)回頭看樹上(shang)的(de)鴇(bao)(bao)鳥(niao)(niao),表(biao)現(xian)他們行(xing)役的(de)苦悶;馬(ma)(ma)作(zuo)則選(xuan)取(qu)一個(ge)側面(mian)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)表(biao)現(xian),描(miao)繪了(le)兩只鴇(bao)(bao)鳥(niao)(niao)棲息于樹上(shang),另(ling)外兩只也振(zhen)翅飛來,鴇(bao)(bao)鳥(niao)(niao)體形碩大(da),與樹上(shang)的(de)巢穴并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)稱(cheng),這說明(ming)鴇(bao)(bao)鳥(niao)(niao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而遠離湖泊,暗示征夫(fu)苦于勞役而居無(wu)(wu)定所。馬(ma)(ma)作(zuo)雖未直(zhi)陳其(qi)事,卻更準確地傳達了(le)詩(shi)旨(zhi)。再如乾(qian)隆《杕(di)杜圖(tu)》表(biao)現(xian)了(le)一個(ge)人望向(xiang)地上(shang)的(de)杕(di)杜,暗示其(qi)無(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)(xiong)無(wu)(wu)弟孤苦無(wu)(wu)依;馬(ma)(ma)作(zuo)則描(miao)繪了(le)兩組對(dui)比的(de)人物(wu),三人成(cheng)群走在一起(qi),另(ling)有一人落在后面(mian),孤獨地回首看著(zhu)杕(di)杜,通過(guo)對(dui)比暗示“人無(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟,胡(hu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)佽焉”的(de)主題(ti)。可以(yi)(yi)說,馬(ma)(ma)和之在詩(shi)旨(zhi)表(biao)現(xian)上(shang)是(shi)更勝一籌的(de)。
從馬和之到乾(qian)隆,是(shi)一(yi)場(chang)跨時空的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)對話。作為(wei)經典的(de)視覺化(hua)延伸,《詩經》圖像(xiang)展現了(le)豐(feng)富的(de)義理世(shi)界,拓展了(le)我(wo)們理解《詩經》、欣賞《詩經》的(de)方式,也為(wei)后人留下了(le)不朽的(de)文化(hua)遺產。
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