“農(nong)，天下之本，務莫大(da)焉。”“務農(nong)重本，國之大(da)綱。”歷史和現(xian)實都告訴我們，農(nong)為邦(bang)本，本固邦(bang)寧。我們要堅(jian)持用大(da)歷史觀來看待農(nong)業、農(nong)村、農(nong)民問(wen)題(ti)，只(zhi)有深刻理解了“三農(nong)”問(wen)題(ti)，才能更好理解我們這個黨、這個國家、這個民族。

　　——4月1日，《求是(shi)》雜志發表習近平總書(shu)記(ji)重要文章(zhang)《堅(jian)持把解(jie)決(jue)好“三農(nong)”問題作(zuo)為全黨工作(zuo)重中之重，舉(ju)全黨全社(she)會之力(li)推動(dong)鄉村振興(xing)》

　　“農，天下之本，務莫大(da)焉”出自西漢司馬遷(qian)《史記•孝文本紀》，意(yi)即農業是國家的根(gen)本、是最大(da)的事情。

　　中華文(wen)明以農(nong)(nong)而(er)(er)立其根基，因農(nong)(nong)而(er)(er)成其久遠。“春耕、夏耘、秋收、冬藏，四(si)者不(bu)失時(shi)，故五谷不(bu)絕。”農(nong)(nong)業之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)，為(wei)(wei)大(da)計，之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)民(min)，為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)計。早在先秦時(shi)期的(de)(de)典籍中就蘊含著豐富的(de)(de)重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)思(si)想，如《詩經•七月(yue)》逐(zhu)月(yue)敘述了農(nong)(nong)人一年的(de)(de)勞動(dong)與生(sheng)活，從年初的(de)(de)修(xiu)理農(nong)(nong)具、下田耕種開(kai)始(shi)，一直(zhi)寫到(dao)年終的(de)(de)祭祀宴飲，充分說(shuo)明了西(xi)周時(shi)期人們便已有了“農(nong)(nong)時(shi)”概念，遵循自然規律與節(jie)奏進行農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產活動(dong)。《管子(zi)》認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，五谷是“萬物之(zhi)(zhi)主”，是“民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)司命”，人離開(kai)五谷不(bu)能(neng)生(sheng)存。從這個意(yi)義(yi)上說(shuo)，積粟是“王之(zhi)(zhi)本事也(ye)，人主之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)務。”糧食生(sheng)產不(bu)僅是人們生(sheng)存的(de)(de)基本條件、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)財富的(de)(de)源泉、穩定發展的(de)(de)重(zhong)要物質支撐，而(er)(er)且是提高人們文(wen)明程度(du)的(de)(de)物質基礎，即“倉(cang)廩實(shi)而(er)(er)知(zhi)禮節(jie)，衣食足而(er)(er)知(zhi)榮辱”。

　　在(zai)農(nong)(nong)耕文明的演進歷(li)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，歷(li)朝歷(li)代都(dou)十(shi)分重視農(nong)(nong)業生產及其技術(shu)經(jing)驗的總結和推(tui)廣，先后出(chu)現了(le)諸多關于農(nong)(nong)業的書(shu)(shu)籍，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以《氾勝(sheng)之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)》《齊民(min)要(yao)(yao)術(shu)》《農(nong)(nong)書(shu)(shu)》《農(nong)(nong)政全(quan)書(shu)(shu)》等(deng)最為著名，被稱(cheng)為“古代四大(da)農(nong)(nong)書(shu)(shu)”。《齊民(min)要(yao)(yao)術(shu)》為北魏農(nong)(nong)學家賈思(si)勰(xie)所(suo)作(zuo)，“齊民(min)”指平民(min)百姓，“要(yao)(yao)術(shu)”指謀生方法(fa)，這本書(shu)(shu)的撰寫寄托了(le)作(zuo)者以農(nong)(nong)業改善民(min)生的愿望(wang)。寫作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，賈思(si)勰(xie)“采(cai)捃經(jing)傳，爰及歌(ge)謠，詢(xun)之(zhi)老成，驗之(zhi)行事”，在(zai)學習與實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)掌(zhang)握了(le)豐富(fu)的農(nong)(nong)業生產經(jing)驗。書(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，他對生產工具、天時地(di)宜(yi)、土壤性(xing)質、耕田(tian)、施肥、選種、育種、種植五(wu)谷、耕作(zuo)制度、防旱保(bao)墑等(deng)都(dou)做了(le)詳細的介(jie)紹(shao)，對后世農(nong)(nong)業科學的發展(zhan)產生了(le)深刻影響。

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)為邦本，本固邦寧。縱覽歷朝歷代，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)興旺、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)安定，則國(guo)(guo)家統(tong)一(yi)、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)穩定；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)凋敝、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)穩，則國(guo)(guo)家分裂(lie)、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)動(dong)蕩。因(yin)此，重(zhong)視農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)，處(chu)理(li)好國(guo)(guo)家、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)與耕(geng)地的(de)(de)(de)關系，歷來都是治(zhi)國(guo)(guo)安邦的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)要工作。從“民(min)之(zhi)大事在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”到“富民(min)者，以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)桑為本”，從“務農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)重(zhong)本，國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)大綱”到“夫谷帛實天下之(zhi)命”，歷史變遷(qian)、社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發展，重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)思想始終(zhong)延(yan)續。然而，在歷史的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)別時段，戰爭(zheng)、天災、動(dong)蕩、賦稅、饑餓……成為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)之(zhi)苦(ku)，以(yi)至(zhi)于詩人發出“四海無閑田，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)夫猶(you)餓死”“遍身羅(luo)綺者，不(bu)是養(yang)蠶人”的(de)(de)(de)悲愴質問。舊的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)制度土壤里(li)，無論怎樣“重(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”，只要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)改變不(bu)了自己的(de)(de)(de)階級屬性(xing)，就無法從根本上(shang)改變被(bei)(bei)剝(bo)削(xue)、被(bei)(bei)壓(ya)迫的(de)(de)(de)命運。

　　只(zhi)有(you)中國共(gong)產黨，自成立之日起(qi)，就和最(zui)廣(guang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)勞苦大(da)(da)眾(zhong)站在了一起(qi)；也只(zhi)有(you)在中國共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)(de)領導下，中國農(nong)民才真正(zheng)成為歷史的(de)(de)(de)書寫者、成為奮(fen)斗目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)本身。在廣(guang)州農(nong)民運動講(jiang)習(xi)所(suo)舊址，一面寫有(you)“農(nong)為黨本”的(de)(de)(de)紅旗鮮艷(yan)奪(duo)目(mu)。當代人(ren)習(xi)慣(guan)從(cong)左往(wang)右閱(yue)讀，往(wang)往(wang)將這句話讀成“本黨為農(nong)”。而無(wu)論是(shi)正(zheng)讀還是(shi)反讀，都是(shi)同一個意思，標注出中國共(gong)產黨人(ren)和農(nong)民之間最(zui)本質的(de)(de)(de)關系。

　　百年來，從“農(nong)民是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)無產(chan)階級的(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)廣大(da)和最(zui)(zui)(zui)忠實的(de)同(tong)盟(meng)軍”到(dao)“農(nong)村(cun)(cun)包(bao)圍(wei)城市”，從“農(nong)業(ye)是國(guo)民經濟的(de)基礎”到(dao)“要(yao)先(xian)把(ba)(ba)農(nong)民這一頭安穩下來”，從“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)改革(ge)的(de)發(fa)明權屬于(yu)農(nong)民”到(dao)“小(xiao)康(kang)不小(xiao)康(kang)，關鍵看老鄉”“民族要(yao)復(fu)興(xing)，鄉村(cun)(cun)必振興(xing)”……中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨把(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)革(ge)命、建設、改革(ge)事業(ye)同(tong)農(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)、農(nong)民問(wen)題(ti)相結(jie)合，走(zou)出一條中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會(hui)主義“三農(nong)”發(fa)展(zhan)之(zhi)路。“誰贏(ying)得(de)了(le)農(nong)民，誰就會(hui)贏(ying)得(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)。誰解(jie)決了(le)土地問(wen)題(ti)，誰就會(hui)贏(ying)得(de)農(nong)民。”這是對中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷史最(zui)(zui)(zui)深刻的(de)洞察，對中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)命運最(zui)(zui)(zui)精準的(de)把(ba)(ba)握。

　　黨(dang)的(de)十八大以(yi)來，以(yi)習近平同志(zhi)為(wei)(wei)核(he)心的(de)黨(dang)中(zhong)央堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為(wei)(wei)全(quan)黨(dang)工作的(de)重中(zhong)之重，全(quan)面打(da)贏脫貧(pin)攻堅戰(zhan)，全(quan)面實施鄉村(cun)振興戰(zhan)略，中(zhong)國人的(de)飯(fan)碗牢牢端在自己手(shou)中(zhong)，億(yi)萬農民同全(quan)國人民一(yi)道邁入全(quan)面小康。農業農村(cun)發展取(qu)得(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)性(xing)成(cheng)就、發生歷(li)(li)史(shi)性(xing)變革(ge)，為(wei)(wei)穩定經濟(ji)社(she)會發展大局、如期全(quan)面建(jian)成(cheng)小康社(she)會提供了(le)有(you)力支撐。

　　“三農(nong)”向好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，全局(ju)主動(dong)。從(cong)容應對百年變局(ju)和世紀疫(yi)情，推動(dong)經濟社會平(ping)(ping)穩健康(kang)發(fa)展，必須著眼國家重大戰(zhan)略需要(yao)，穩住農(nong)業(ye)基(ji)本盤、做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)“三農(nong)”工作，接續(xu)全面推進鄉村振(zhen)興。在二〇二二年新年賀詞(ci)中，習近平(ping)(ping)總書記強調(diao)：“全面小康(kang)、擺脫貧困是(shi)我們(men)黨給人民的(de)交(jiao)代，也是(shi)對世界的(de)貢獻。讓(rang)大家過(guo)上更好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)生活，我們(men)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)于眼前的(de)成績，還有很長的(de)路要(yao)走。”踏上實(shi)現(xian)第二個百年奮斗目標新的(de)趕考(kao)之路，堅定“任何時候都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)忽視農(nong)業(ye)、不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)忘記農(nong)民、不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)淡漠農(nong)村”的(de)認(ren)識(shi)，厚植(zhi)“讓(rang)鄉親們(men)過(guo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)光(guang)景(jing)”的(de)情懷，發(fa)揚“咬定青(qing)山不(bu)(bu)放松”的(de)精神(shen)，踔厲(li)奮發(fa)、篤行不(bu)(bu)怠，真正把好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)事辦(ban)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、實(shi)事辦(ban)實(shi)，我們(men)一定能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)斷開創全面推進鄉村振(zhen)興新局(ju)面。（田心(xin)）