近日，《求是(shi)》雜志(zhi)發表(biao)習近平總書(shu)(shu)記的重要文(wen)章《加強文(wen)化遺產(chan)保護(hu)傳(chuan)承 弘(hong)揚中(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統文(wen)化》。文(wen)章強調，文(wen)物和(he)文(wen)化遺產(chan)承載著中(zhong)華民族的基因和(he)血脈(mo)，是(shi)不可再生、不可替代的中(zhong)華優(you)秀文(wen)明(ming)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。要讓文(wen)物說話(hua)，讓歷史說話(hua)，讓文(wen)化說話(hua)。系統梳理傳(chuan)統文(wen)化資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，讓收藏(zang)在禁宮里(li)(li)的文(wen)物、陳列在廣(guang)闊大(da)地上的遺產(chan)、書(shu)(shu)寫在古籍里(li)(li)的文(wen)字都活起來(lai)。如何堅持“兩個結合”，深刻把握弘(hong)揚中(zhong)華優(you)秀傳(chuan)統文(wen)化，記者專訪了清華大(da)學國家(jia)戰略研(yan)究(jiu)院資(zi)(zi)深研(yan)究(jiu)員、中(zhong)國國家(jia)創新與發展戰略研(yan)究(jiu)會中(zhong)國文(wen)明(ming)和(he)中(zhong)國道路研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心主任謝茂(mao)松。

　　記者：如何從文物和文化遺產的角度理解中華文明的源遠流長、從未中斷？

　　謝茂松：中華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明作為(wei)(wei)世界上唯一連(lian)續(xu)未中斷的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明，有著世界上最(zui)為(wei)(wei)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)歷史記(ji)載與規模最(zui)大、最(zui)為(wei)(wei)豐富的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻典(dian)籍(ji)。孔子說：“夏禮(li)(li)，吾(wu)能言(yan)之，杞不足征也；殷禮(li)(li)，吾(wu)能言(yan)之，宋不足征也。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻不足故也。足，則吾(wu)能征之矣。”他強調(diao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻記(ji)載作為(wei)(wei)歷史證據的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻不足則無以(yi)(yi)引證。作為(wei)(wei)教育家，孔子以(yi)(yi)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、行、忠(zhong)、信”四科設教，居(ju)首的(de)(de)(de)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”正是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻。時(shi)至今日，殷墟出土的(de)(de)(de)甲(jia)骨文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)我們保(bao)存3000年(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字，把中國信史向上推進了(le)約1000年(nian)(nian)；博物(wu)館有很多寶貴文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)甚至“國寶”，實證了(le)我國百(bai)萬年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)人類史、一萬年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)史、五千多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明史。

　　作為(wei)(wei)一個文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)國(guo)(guo)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)幾乎歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)都專門設有大(da)規模藏書的(de)館閣(ge)，而(er)大(da)規模藏書館閣(ge)的(de)建立也成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)盛(sheng)世的(de)重要(yao)標志。同時，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)代(dai)都注重設史館以修(xiu)史。歷(li)史的(de)書寫，一方(fang)面(mian)提供文(wen)(wen)化認(ren)同，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，很重要(yao)的(de)就是文(wen)(wen)化認(ren)同、文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)意識的(de)凝聚；另一方(fang)面(mian)保存歷(li)史經驗，為(wei)(wei)當世與(yu)后世提供治亂(luan)興(xing)衰的(de)歷(li)史借鑒(jian)，這也是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)王朝有興(xing)衰而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)卻能延(yan)續不(bu)斷的(de)關鍵。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文(wen)物考古的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)首先是(shi)更好地(di)認識(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)，一方(fang)(fang)面是(shi)認識(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)源遠流長、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國歷史之為信(xin)史，祛(qu)除中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國歷史在(zai)近(jin)代(dai)受到(dao)的(de)(de)懷疑。另一方(fang)(fang)面是(shi)在(zai)認識(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文(wen)明(ming)源遠流長的(de)(de)同時(shi)，認識(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)博(bo)大(da)精(jing)深。博(bo)大(da)精(jing)深意味著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)深刻的(de)(de)文(wen)明(ming)原理，即中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)所具有的(de)(de)“可(ke)(ke)大(da)可(ke)(ke)久(jiu)之道(dao)”，從(cong)而(er)堅(jian)定文(wen)化自信(xin)。這一自信(xin)完全是(shi)建立在(zai)歷史認識(shi)基礎上的(de)(de)自信(xin)，是(shi)理性(xing)認識(shi)之后的(de)(de)自信(xin)，是(shi)一種高度理性(xing)的(de)(de)自信(xin)。

　　中(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)書寫(xie)(xie)具有豐(feng)富(fu)、完整與通貫性，而中(zhong)國(guo)考古(gu)成果的(de)豐(feng)富(fu)性，使得(de)中(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)書寫(xie)(xie)與中(zhong)國(guo)考古(gu)發(fa)現二(er)者交(jiao)相輝(hui)映。

　　記者：如何從“兩個結合”的角度理解加強文化遺產保護傳承、弘揚中華優秀傳統文化的意義？

　　謝茂松(song)：習近平(ping)總書記強(qiang)調(diao)，“第二(er)個結合(he)”是又(you)一次的(de)(de)思(si)想解放(fang)，讓(rang)我們能(neng)夠在更廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)文化空間(jian)中(zhong)，充分運用中(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)統文化的(de)(de)寶貴資源，探索面向未來的(de)(de)理論(lun)和制(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)(chuang)新。“第二(er)個結合(he)”高度(du)自覺(jue)地從理論(lun)和制(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)(chuang)新的(de)(de)視角看待中(zhong)華(hua)優秀傳(chuan)統文化，由此我們關于思(si)想創(chuang)(chuang)新、制(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)(chuang)新的(de)(de)廣(guang)闊(kuo)空間(jian)被極大打開。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)綿延數千年，有(you)(you)(you)其獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值體系。中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)已(yi)經成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基因，植根在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)內心，潛移默化(hua)(hua)(hua)影響著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)方(fang)式和(he)行為(wei)方(fang)式。此前(qian)，中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)深(shen)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)積淀，在底層(ceng)邏(luo)輯上作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)于(yu)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)創新(xin)、制(zhi)度(du)(du)創新(xin)。而(er)“第二個結合”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提出，則是(shi)(shi)高度(du)(du)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)覺、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體現。這(zhe)從根本(ben)上來說是(shi)(shi)反求諸己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體性自(zi)覺，是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)這(zhe)一寶貴資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)我(wo)認識，更是(shi)(shi)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在思想(xiang)創新(xin)、制(zhi)度(du)(du)創新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)由自(zi)在、自(zi)為(wei)到(dao)自(zi)覺、自(zi)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛躍。加強文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產保護傳(chuan)承(cheng)、弘(hong)揚中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要意義，就在于(yu)更好(hao)發揮中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)面(mian)向未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)和(he)制(zhi)度(du)(du)創新(xin)寶貴資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)優(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)將更有(you)(you)(you)力有(you)(you)(you)效地作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)于(yu)道路、理(li)論(lun)和(he)制(zhi)度(du)(du)創新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)，參與到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義制(zhi)度(du)(du)成熟、定型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)。

　　記者：在全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會主義現代化國家(jia)新征程的時間節點上，習(xi)近平總書(shu)記提出(chu)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)華民族現代文明這(zhe)一(yi)命題(ti)有何深(shen)意？這(zhe)一(yi)命題(ti)與“兩個(ge)結合”存在怎(zen)樣的邏輯(ji)關系？

　　謝茂松(song)：習近平總書記指出，文(wen)化(hua)關乎國(guo)(guo)本(ben)、國(guo)(guo)運(yun)。縱覽人類歷史，一(yi)個(ge)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)本(ben)的(de)轉型(xing)，是(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)轉型(xing)；一(yi)個(ge)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)真正(zheng)的(de)新(xin)生(sheng)，是(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)新(xin)生(sheng)。習近平總書記在新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)新(xin)征程的(de)節點審視(shi)中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，從中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)賡續(xu)弘揚的(de)角(jiao)度觀察中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，得(de)出深刻結(jie)論：“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族的(de)舊邦新(xin)命，必(bi)將推動中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)重煥榮(rong)光。”讓(rang)綿(mian)延不絕的(de)中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)發揚光大，建設中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族現(xian)(xian)代(dai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)作為(wei)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)大國(guo)(guo)的(de)使命，“兩個(ge)結(jie)合(he)”尤其是(shi)(shi)“第(di)二個(ge)結(jie)合(he)”為(wei)建設中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族現(xian)(xian)代(dai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)指明(ming)(ming)(ming)了(le)根(gen)本(ben)途徑(jing)。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)具有突出的(de)(de)連續性(xing)(xing)，如水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)連續不(bu)斷，而無分過去、現(xian)(xian)在(zai)、未來之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)，傳(chuan)統如流(liu)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)源遠流(liu)長而激(ji)濁揚清，中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)連續性(xing)(xing)與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)一體相生的(de)(de)。正(zheng)是(shi)因為中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)具有突出的(de)(de)連續性(xing)(xing)與(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)性(xing)(xing)，古(gu)老的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)才能成功應對(dui)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)與(yu)沖擊，在(zai)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)保持文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)主體性(xing)(xing)、保持文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)連續性(xing)(xing)，從而建設中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)。

　　習近平總書記指出，“經過長期努力，我們比以(yi)往任何一個時(shi)代(dai)都更有條件破(po)解‘古(gu)今(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)西之(zhi)爭’”。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)賦予中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)以(yi)現(xian)代(dai)力量，中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)明(ming)賦予中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)以(yi)深(shen)厚底蘊。中(zhong)(zhong)華民族現(xian)代(dai)文(wen)明(ming)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)主體(ti)(ti)性，通過“兩個結合”尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)“第二個結合”溫故知新(xin)、固本開新(xin)、明(ming)體(ti)(ti)達用(yong)，最(zui)終化(hua)(hua)(hua)解、超越古(gu)今(jin)之(zhi)爭、中(zhong)(zhong)西之(zhi)爭，從而(er)創造(zao)人類文(wen)明(ming)新(xin)形態。（中(zhong)(zhong)央紀委國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)委網(wang)站 慕振東）